HARDWOOD RECORD 



21 



tion are then placed beneath the press and 

 subjected to heavy pressure. Afterward 

 the whole goes through the sticker and 

 tenoning machines and the proper ends and 

 the .joints are put on in preparation for 

 joining the panels and the various parts to 

 gether. 



Veneers. 



The veneeT in tli ost expensive and in 



many respects the most important pari of 



i hey are veneeri d I hat they undergo the 

 same process of coring as the othet parts 



-I the d except that the filler is not 



laid in strips but in thin flat pieces of 

 stock. \r:nl\ all made-up panels are I hree 

 ply, that is. t in- \ consist oi one foundation 



oi filler and i he I » o coats of \ ei r. When 



:i particularly fine piece of work is re 

 quired the panel is made five-ply, the in- 

 side sheets "f filler being laid crosswise 



STILE 



OF HARDWOOD DOCK SHOWING BEAD AND COVE METHOD OF STICKING. 

 a, a. veneer; b, b, outside hardwood strips; c, c, softwood coring. 



the door, not only by reason of the out- 

 wardly attractive appearance secured, but 

 also because it finishes the eheaper coring 

 in a way that makes it fully as strong 

 and durable as a solid door. In the- stiles 



and rails of a made-up door the ve r 



usually runs about one-quarter of an inch 

 in thickness, and each strip must be of 

 exaetlj the same thickness in order to give 

 a uniform protection to the filler. In panel 

 wink the veneer used is much thinner, run- 

 nine about one twentieth of an inch. 



In doorwork both quarter-sawed and 

 rotary-cut veneers are used, but in the 

 larger proportion of factories, rotary-cut 

 finds the highest favor, as it is cheaper 

 and can l»- gotten out in greater widths. 

 This is emphasized when the panel or rail is 

 to be very wide and the manufacturer 

 wishes to use quarter-sawed stock in pieces; 

 liis difficulty would then appear in the 

 expense involved in matehing-up and the 

 failure to secure an evenness of figure and 

 appearance when the panel is jointed. 

 Sawed veneer lias a rougher surface than 



knife-cut stock and it is harder CO S oth 



out the marks in facing up than in the 

 sliced wood. Sawed veneer, however, has 

 certain advantages over rotary-cut. No 

 matter how excellent is the machine on 

 which the stock is cut or how well the work 

 nan performs his task, the knife side ol 

 each siieet of the cut stock has not as good 

 an appearance as the face, for the opera 

 tion has the effect of raising the grain and 

 deteriorating the figure. Sliced or rqtary- 

 i ut veneers are also put through a steam 

 ing process to make the wood soft and 

 pliable and the operation has a disinte- 

 grating effect on the coloring matter in the 

 w I and has a tendency to make Hie grain 



I leak. 



Panels and Solid Doors. 

 Not every panel of a made up hardwood 



door is veneered. In most cases when they 

 are raised work, the part is solid. When 

 made in this way they offer nothing pecu- 

 liar in construction, being worked to the 

 proper size and form and then fitted into 

 the stiles and rails of the door. It is ulu-n 



and the parts ej I i igethei into a substan- 

 tial whole. 



There are several methods of sticking 



the panels to the stilis ami rails, chief id' 



which is the bead and cove, the ovalo, and 

 the eove and head. Of these, the head and 

 cove is most generally used, practicability 



and g I results being its advantages. 



As a matter of fact, few,, if any, solid 



doors of haidw I are now" made. At 



times, however, it is thought necessary lo 

 have something heavier than the made up 

 stock and something stronger, especially 

 w hci e t he prodm t is to be used for outside 

 work, and in these eases two solid halves 

 of doors are made and glued together. This 

 is practically the equivalent of a solid door 

 and, in the making, goes through the same 

 planing and mill processes, the advantage 

 Icing that the lumber can be more easily 

 worked in this form and is not required 



;i: such thicknesses as if the door Were 

 made of one solid piece. 

 Finishing. 

 After the door is assembled and glued 

 together it is taken to the finishing room, 

 where it is stained, filled, varnished and 

 rubbed to the attractive appearance which 

 we know. In this operation great care is 

 used, for any minor defects that may ap- 

 pear in the finished door are smoothed and 



glossed over as much as possible. 



A considerable proportion of the d -s 



being made now are sash doors, that is. 



they have tl pen space which is usually 



tilled with glass. Some of them have also 

 tin- small abutments In-low I he glass known 



:is the apron and its support, technical]} 

 known as tin- stool. Iii the finish of doors, 



de all. hi plays ;i great part, the raised 



figures of w i on tin- surface being more 



or less artistic and ornate. This is called 



I In- t ■■ ill l lid a .1 ■ is said to be made with 



ii without trim as it carries decoration or 



is plain. All these est r:i illecls oil the ,1 



are put on in the glue room, after having 

 I ,-.>n ,-nl to size and form mi the machines. 



The w Iiitul and careful execution of 



Rgun S I hand, which was a distinguish 



jug characteristic of manj -l 's in olden 



times, has practical!} -lied out in this 



blanch of the wo, i, Iw inking art, giving 

 place t.: the carving machines, etc., where- 

 by exact duplication from a model is ^, 



cured at minimum cost. 



\.i red d s when used within a build- 

 ing aie as suitable as Ho- solid work. When 



hung on the outside, however, and exposed 



in tl,,- changes of the atmosphere, they do 

 not generally show the durable qualities 

 that mark tin- well-made solid door, the 



reason being that, in the stress of weather. 



dampness penetrates the glue between the 



veneer and the coring and causes deteriora 

 lion. In tin- progress of the industry from 

 t lie first elude veil,-,-, mud,' 1 y hand and 



laboriously applied to an experimental lill 

 i r, to the well-made modern product, ,-\,-i\ 

 difficulty has been overcome and there is 

 no reason to suppose that this defect will 



not also be remedied. Several of tie- hug 



i-i- teems have already brought their ex 



I erimeiits lo such a state as to claim that 

 lluir doors are absolutely weather proof. 

 When this condition is reached, the made 

 up door will I,- equal in everything — in 

 style, finish and durability— to its solid pro 



1 ,1 \ pe. 



Chicago and various manufacturing 



points in south, in Wisconsin are Hie i-i-n 

 tors and general sources of supply ol lie 



VENEERED BIRCH 1 R, MANUFACTURED 



V.\ THE PAINE LUMBER > '" . 

 I. Tli. OSHKOSH, WIS. 



l.-u -, r proport ton I ot h of \ eneei loors 



manufactured in the United States, manj 



of these concerns making in use quant i 



Lies, 'the total, in some cases, running to 



i. mi I,. a day, although there are now 



local plant! in nearly all parts of tin- - I 



try which produce exci Ileal wm k. 



