HARDWOOD RECORD 



33 



Cottonwood shavings bring six ilollars or more a ton for com- 

 position plaster. 



Chair stock that is salable, if made of beech, birch, and maple, 

 is of the following dimensions: 



1% x2% xl8 Inches 

 I%x2%xl9 •• 

 l%'x2%xlSi •■ 

 l%x2V2xU: ■■ 



SQUARES 

 l%xl%x2o inches 

 l%xt%x27 " 

 l%xl%x:50 •■ 

 The branch of Industrial Investigations of the Forest Service, 

 Washington, D. C, is often aide to bring buyer and seller to- 

 gether. 



Hard maple blocks 2%-;i and ^^A-Si^ inches thick, 10% inches 

 wide, and two feet long are used for cigar cutting boards, and 

 waste pieces are available. 



Bed gum is used for saw liandles, and scraps are usable, pro- 

 vided they are 1% inches thick, B\i> inches wide, and 3 feet long. 

 Samples of Waste 

 The Forest Service showed samples of various tj-pical wastes in 

 factories, paper birch in spool mills, white elm in the manufac- 

 ture of baskets, and cypress in various ways. 



Osage orange (bodark) felloes and hickory spoke ends are 

 among the wastes which cannot usually be sold as fast as they 

 accumulate. In the same class are trimmings, or sections, from 

 the ends of bored black gum porch columns. As much as 3,000 

 such sections are available per month in a single factory, and 

 are at present burned for fuel. Other unsold waste at present 

 includes fine, straight-grained white ash, incidental to the manu- 

 facture of tennis raquets. This material is all one inch thick, 

 IV2 to 5 inches wide, and from two to five feet long. Other 

 •waste stuff which at present seems to find no purchasers are the 

 following: 



Sugar maple blocks, 1 V- iiulics thick, 6 inches wide, and 4 to 12 inches 

 loug. 



Hickory waste incidental to the tiianufacture of golfsticks. A single 

 faetoiy has the equiva'..mt of .'iOO.OOO feet a year (in Massachusetts). 



Black and red gum veneer cores, ranging in diameter from iVi to S 

 inches and in length from 4 tc 8 feet (in North Carolina). 

 Suggested Uses 

 The Forest Service showed various kinds of waste, and sug- 

 gested purposes for which it might be used. 



Dogwood is a good substitute for hickory and other hardwoods 

 in the manufacture of chisel and many other small tool handles. 

 This material accumulates in large quantities, and probably can be 

 bought for four dollars a cord f. 0. b. mill. 



Bed alder, which is a Pacific Coast wood, is a substitute for 

 beech, birch, and maple in the manufacture of clothes pins. 



Some attempted utilization of waste and some substitutes, have 

 not been successful. A shuttle of California redwood proved too 

 soft. A black gum duck pin could not stand as much thumping 

 as one of hard maple, although at the end of 625 games, in a 

 test, it was still in the ring, but decidedly the worse for the wear. 

 The "Ring Rule" 

 One of the Forest Service's exhibits was intended to illustrate 

 what is called the "ring rule"- — a suggestion only — in the in- 

 spection of southern yellow pine. This rule has recently been 

 followed by the government in making large purchases of tim- 

 bers for Panama, and this has brought it to the attention of 

 the interested public. 



The central idea is that the strength of pine is conditioned, to 

 a large extent, upon the rate of growth, which is measured by 

 the number of annual rings per inch of radius. There are four 

 principal southern yellow pines, longleaf, shortleaf, Cuban, and 

 loblolly. The longleaf is usually of slow growth, and for strength 

 it is very generally considered the best. The proposed "ring 

 rule" assumes that any other southern yellow pine is as good 

 as longleaf, provided it has the same number of rings per inch. 

 The acceptance of such a rule, it is claimed, would save many 

 disputes between buyer and seller. It would make no difference 



what the exact species of yellow pine is, provided it complies 

 with specifications as to the number of rings. At present there 

 are frequent controversies, whether a certain log is long leaf or 

 not, and it is sometimes a hard question to decide with fairness 

 to all. 



The exhibit contained various sections of yellow pine, all four 

 of the common species; some with wide rings, others with nar- 

 row. It was clearly shown that wide rings are not confined to 

 any one species, and neither are the narrow rings, but both kinds 

 are liable to occur in any of the yellow pines. 



LIDGERWOOD MANUFACTURING COMPANY 

 This comijany liad no exhibit of maehinory, but was represented 

 abundantly in the moving pictures of logging operations. The 

 transportation of logs through the air by means of cables and 

 masts, where the roughness of the ground prevents surface opera- 

 tions, is one of the specialties of this company. The headquar- 

 ters are in New York, and the booth at the Coliseum was in 

 charge of W. G. Wilmot. 



YELLOW PINE MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION 

 Many a visitor to former world 's fairs and other exhibitions 

 met an old acquaintance at the Coliseum. It was the small house 

 which furnished the nucleus of the Yellow Pine Manufacturers' 

 exhibit. It is called the Nuremberg Ilaus, because it is con- 

 structed in old German style, both as to general architecture, and 

 in details of fittings, finish, and carving. It is a house of one 

 room. 



It was first placed on exhibition at the St. Louis fair in 1904, 

 and it has been seen thirty-two times since at fairs in all parts 

 of the South and East. It was so well built in sections that 

 it has not been defaced or marred by its frequent trundlings about 

 the country. The exhibitors claim that in the past eleven years 

 more than two million persons interested in wood have carefully 

 inspected this piece of work. That being the case, it was one 

 of the most widely advertised exhibits at the Coliseum. 



It is a good advertisement of yellow pine. It shows the possi- 

 bilities of the wood as interior finish, and likewise as exterior 

 work. There is not a plank or pin in it from peak to mudsill that 

 is not yellow pine. By the way, many pins are used, in place 

 of nails, to fasten the timbers together, that evidently being a 

 copy from the German builders of former days. 



Tlie roof is of split shingles, the kind once very common in 

 this country before the shingle mill was firmly established, but 

 the split shingle is now a relic of the past, except in a few com- 

 munities where it is still occasionally seen. 



The principal topic of comment by visitors in the Nuremberg 

 Haus was the carving and the finish. The former was elaborate 

 and beautiful, giving a richness of design. The stains were dark, 

 but not in imitation of any other wood. Yellow pine always 

 stands on its own merit. Rare figures sometimes occur in yellow 

 pine, but no attempt was made to push them to a prominent place, 

 at the exhibit, though some extremely handsome figured wood was 

 shown. 



Relics op the Past 

 It is claimed for yellow pine that samples of greater age in 

 its use might be shown than of any other southern wood, but 

 such samples as were present did not quite date back to the earli- 

 est claims of cypress. However, some very respectable antiquity 

 was shown. There was a beam which was placed in a building 

 at Augusta, Ga., 165 years ago, and it is untouched by decay. 

 In fact, it is almost as bright as a newly-hewed log; but other 

 old timbers which were more exposed to the elements show the 

 effects of weathering. 



Yellow pine siding was in a good state of preservation though 

 it served half a century in the outer wall of the court house in 

 Hampton county, Ark. 



Another sample of long-lasting properties in exposed situations 

 was furnished by a pine picket from Mississippi. For fifty-six 

 years it formed part of a garden fence and successfully baffled 

 the assaults of the ubiquitous bronze pine hog of the South. 



