HARDWOOD RECORD 



the 



the range of effects that could be produced by stains and finisli. The The 



subdued light, wliicli was skillfully arranged for the purpose, left 

 a most pleasing impression with the visitor. 



The persons who had the exhibit in charge did not say much about 

 remote antiquity; but there was a picture framed and hanging on 

 the wall which told a story thab had something to do with the long ago. 

 It was a house of Carolina pine (grown in Virginia) which belonged 

 to members of the Washington family seventy-five years before the 

 first gun of the Revolution was fired. The old building is still in a 

 good state of preservation, and stands in Fredericksburg, Va. 

 Southern White Cedar 



A small but interesting exhibit of southern white cedar (Chamcecy- 

 paris ihyoides) was shown in connection with North Carolina pine, 

 because both woods are handled by the association, and both grow 

 in the same region, though the cedar's range is limited in comparison 

 with that of pine. It occurs commercially from New Jersey to South 

 Carolina, but only near the coast and in deep swamps. It is more 

 exclusively a swamp tree than cypress. 



The southern white cedar is so named from the whiteness of its 

 wood. A small tank at the Coliseum displayed the white color. The 

 tank was made by John M. Smith & Sons, Philadelphia. 



This is of interest in connection with the fact that 150 years ago 

 the Philadelphia ' ' cedar coopers ' ' were famous, and the wood that 

 they used was principally this southern white cedar which was once 

 abundant in New Jersey, within reach of Philadelphia. The wood is 

 very light, and that, in connection witli its other good qualities, has 

 always made it popular for buckets and pails. 



Shingles of this cedar were once made in great quantities. At the 

 time of the Revolution most houses within reach of the middle Atlantic 

 coast were roofed with them. Some are still made, and samples were 

 placed on exhibition at the Coliseum by the John L. Roper Lumber 

 Company of Norfolk, Va. One of the interesting features of this dis- 

 play was a section of a roof of cedar sliinfjk's which had been in 

 use ninety-seven years. 



EDWARD HINES LUMBER COMPANY 



A modern lumber yard is a pretty difficult thing to represent in an 

 adequate way at an exposition, where at most a square yard of space 

 must answer for an acre or two of lumberyard ; but the Edward 

 Hines Lumber Company made as near approach to it as possible. 

 Much had to be shown by sample, but in every instance the sample 

 was a part of the article which it was intended to show. The partial 

 list of forest products represented and which are given below will 

 convey a good idea of what a modern lumber yard ill the city of 

 Chicago is like, provided each sample is multiplied a thousand or a 

 million fold. It should be borne in mind that a yard at a large saw- 

 mill is not the same thing as a wholesale and retail yard in a large 

 city, though the yard at the mill may carry as many feet of lumber. 

 It is apt to contain a limited number of woods and no exhaustive list 

 of sizes; while a lumber yard that supplies a vast city and country 

 trade must have almost everything in the category of raw forest 

 material as well as jnuch finished stuff. 



Bill of Pakticul.\rs 



Many of tlie commodities and articles shown in tlie display by this 

 lumber company aie given below: 



Shingles from the gigantic western red cedar of the Northwest Pacific 

 Coast. Three-fourths of all the shingles used in the United States are 

 made of this wood. 



Baled shavings from planing mills. This waste product is now finding 

 markets as bedding for horses in livery stables, and shavings of certain 

 woods are employed in the manufacture of composition plaster. 



The flooring collection included pretty nearly every kind that is found 

 on the market. Some of the kinds follow ; White pine matched, tama- 

 rack, wliit.' i.iik and red oak flooring of numerous sizes and patterns; 



a coiiipl'' --"I lit of beech, birch, maple and southern yellow pine; 



elm niMl i , M .1 to but did not complete the list of flooring. 



W.^ii ! ! . iinluded white pine drop and block siding; clear 



Norvv.i,\ I'M,. Ill liouglas fir, tamarack, and double drop white pine. 



riiiisliiii^ iiiiiciiiil ..1 yillcw and wlilte pine was in samples. Some 



of tho liiiii r w 1 .lisiii.iyr.l ill this exhibit was as perfect as ever grew 



in the I..]. Hi, CI, 111- wliiti' iiiiic two, three and four inches thick, sixteen 

 feet liiiiK. ami in wi.ltli up to twenty-eight Inches, was a surprise to 

 persons who were under the impression that the best white pine all 

 went to market "back in the nineties." 



of square timbers 



edu 



in its scope. Son 



of 



folio 



Yellow pine from 4x4 inches up te and including those IS x IS. 



.Norway or red pine timbers from 4x4 to 14x 14. 



Timbers of northern white pine from 4 x 4 to 12 x 12. 



Hemlock was shown in the same sized timbers as white pine. 



Douglas fir, a far western wood, headed the list of timbers by sizes 

 ranging from 4x4 to 24 x 24 inches. 



There were plasterers' lath of white pine, Norway pine and hemlock. 



There was, of course, lumber of all kinds. 



Grain doors are rather odd articles to show in an exposition, but many 

 of them arc in use by railroads of this country. They are made to fit 

 crosswise in the doorway of the ordinary box car and close it to pre- 

 vent grain from wasting when it is shipped in bulk. Such doors are 

 made of cheap lumber, since they are usually thrown away after being 

 once used, as it does not pay to return them to be used again. 



BIRDS AND TREES 



The intimate relationship between forests and birds is well known. 

 The birds eat the tree seeds and prevent the young seedlings coming 

 on in too great numbers and crowding one another to death. Wood- 

 peckers pick holes in large trunks in search of a supposed bug, and 

 make an opening whereby enough fungus may enter to ruin the tree 

 in a few years. The sapsueker stabs the tender bark of growing 

 hickories to sip a drop or two of sweet juice, and makes a "bird- 

 peck ' ' hickory out of it, and the ax-handle man must thVow away three 

 or four dollars worth of wood some years later, because the sapsueker 

 was thirsty for a drop of hickory sap. Charles E. White had an ex- 

 hibit at the Coliseum which was calculated to benefit the timber and 

 at the same time accommodate the birds iu the forest. The arrange- 

 ment was a wire feeding box which can be hung on trees. Bird food 

 is placed within, and the birds will eat there and leave the tree seeds, 

 the bugs, and the sap alone. 



NORTHERN WHITE CEDAR ASSOCIATION 



The headquarters of this association are in Minneapolis, and the 

 exhibit at the Coliseum was in charge of L. E. Morier of Chicago. 

 It is not a lumber association ; at least the manufacture of lumber is 

 not the chief activity. This cedar is an important pole, post, and 

 crosstie material, though some lumber is cut. Makers of small boats 

 prefer it for siding, and some will use nothing else if this wood can be 

 had. It is light and tough. For its weight, it is probably the toughest 

 wood in this country. A shaving can be folded like a piece of paper, 

 laid on an anvil and struck repeatedly with a hammer without break- 

 ing at the point of folding. It is said that this cannot he done with 

 any other wood. 



This cedar is the arbor-vitse that is planted in yards, parks and 

 cemeteries. Its home is in the North from Michigan to Maine, and it 

 thrives best in swamps. Trees are small, and near the ground there is 

 generally a crook, but above that the trunk is straight enough for 

 poles and posts, and these are the articles usually produced. 



The booth of the association at the Coliseum was a large one and 

 was enclosed with a palisade of poles. They occupied most of the 

 space, but other products placed for public view were shingles, cross- 

 ties, and excelsior, which was labeled "cedar tow." 



The wood is durable — very durable for as white a wood as this, for 

 it is not the rule that a white wood is resistant to decay. Its pro- 

 moters claim that few woods will last so long in an untreated state, 

 and that when posts and poles of the white cedar are used it is not 

 necessary to give them preservative treatment. 



One of the samples wliich was proudl.y pointed out was a telegraph 

 pole from the eastern part of Wisconsin. It was set in 1864 and was 

 pulled out of the ground for display at the Forest Products Exposi- 

 tion, after fifty years, and decay had made practically no inroads on 

 it. When that post was set, the only telegraph office beyond it was a 

 pine stump with the instrument installed on it, and not so much as a 

 shelter over head. 



Untreated crossties were brought to the exposition from Michigan 

 with various periods of service to their credit, the oldest being twenty- 

 nine years. 



NATIONAL LUMBER MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION 



The organizations affiliated with the National association are tlie 

 following : 



Georgia-Florida Sawmill Association. 

 Hardwood Manufacturers' Association of the United States. 



