HARDWOOD RECORD 



This is brought out partly, but not in full, by comparing the 

 :uiiiual cut of certain woods with the annua! use in factories. Take 

 the eleven hardwoods listecl in the foregoinj; table, and some of 

 the same figures may be used again: 



Annual Cut and Use Compared — Feet 



Species Factory Use Lumber Cut 



Oak 103.013,927 222.704,000 



Yellow poplar i:!r).01)4.7S-l 49.583.000 



Maple .-is. 328, 275 40,750,000 



Hickory 35.021,331 20,727.000 



.30,633,690 26,100.000 



22,833,367 14,020,000 



21,314,454 28,968.000 



18,637,884 41.893,000 



Cottonwood 16,831,024 2,444,000 



Black walnut 2,922,040 8,565,000 



Chestnut 770,383 18,236,000 



Ash 



Basswood 



Elm 



Beech . . . 



Total 490,001,159 480,890,000 



The foregoing figures show that the substantial hardwoods which 

 grow in Ohio are almost meeting the demand which factories in 

 the state make upon them for material. Less than ten million 

 feet, of the eleven woods listed, are imported from other states. 

 Broad Gap to Bridge 

 There is, however, a broad gap to bridge in Ohio between the 

 total state lumber cut and the total re<]uirements of the wood- 

 using factories. The difference is 415,4I!S,369 feet, as shown by 

 latest statistics. Outside lumber is brought in to fill that gap, 

 and most of it is of species which do not grow in commercial quan- 

 tities in Ohio. Softwoods — of which Ohio has few — constitute 

 357,499,000 feet of the imports. Some of these come from the 

 Pacific coast, others from the South, still others from the North. 

 They do not grow in the state, and if used, they must be imported. 

 Some of the important softwoods which factories buy in distant 

 regions are the following: 



Yellow pine 144.766,973 feet 



White pine 120,340,930 " 



Cypress 38,038,570 " 



Norway pine 17,654,417 "■ 



Hemlock 16,104,964 "- 



Douglas 111- 5,819,733 '• 



Spruce 



Western white pine 



Red cedar 



Other softwoods . . 



3,575,750 

 1,072,000 

 953 810 

 4,000,000 



Total 357,799.038 " 



The Ohio woodlots cannot supply any considerable quantity of 



the above softwoods, because nature did not plant them in the 



state and man has thus far neglected to do so. 



The most important hardwood which is used by Ohio factories, 



but which does not flourish in the state, is red gum. The annual 



factory <Iemanil for that wood e.xceeds twenty-seven million feet. 



Conclusions 



The following facts may be summarized: 



Ohio's remaining timber supply is practically all contained in 

 farmers' woodlots. The extensive original forests were cut up 

 when farms were cleared. 



The state furnishes the best examples of hardwood timber lot& 

 in this country, though little tree planting has been done. 



These small tracts are now furnishing most of the hardwoods 

 bought by wood-using factories in the state. 



Most of the country's best hardwood species are found in Ohio. 



Softwood timber never has amounted to much in the state and 

 never will unless artificially planted. 



Ohio's woodlots are capable of increased yield. 



At the present time the state's lumber output seems to be nearly 

 stationary. 



• XyK^^iaamaataOTiiMTOiWiWiiwc^^ 



Those who have been advocating the extensive planting of 

 white pine to take the place of the dying chestnut in the East 

 are beginning to wonder if their advice is going to prove as 

 sound as they thought. White pine in plantations seem to be de- 

 veloping a lot of enemies, both insect and fungus, seemingly bent 

 on undoing the best intentions of the tree planter and forester. 



One of these is the deadly blister rust imported from Germany 

 several years ago when that country was the only source of white 

 pine stock for extensive forest planting. This disease has done 

 extensive damage to the white pine introduced into Europe and 

 it is hoped that it has been killed here. This is by no means 

 certain and government and state ofEcials are on their guard 

 against its reappearance. It was found in several places and 

 killed out but there is no telling where next it will be heard 

 from, as millions of seedlings were imported before the disease 

 w;'s discovered. 



The white beetle is much in evidence throughout the East. This 

 insect lays its eggs in the leaders of the young trees and the 

 larva; tunnel the shoot and kill it. This causes the last whorl 

 of branches to turn upward in place of a single leader, causing a 

 bushy tree not suited for commercial purposes. Various methods 

 of control are being tried. One is to cut off the injured shoots 

 and put them in a covered can. The first plan was to burn them 

 but more recently it has been discovered that there are tiny parasites 

 in the larvro of the beetles and by putting the shoots in a can with 

 a cover perforated with holes large enough to let the parasites 

 out but too small to admit the beetles, it is possible to kill the 

 latter and let their natural enemies escape. 



Another plan is to go over the plantation twice a year with 

 an insect or butterfly net. A tap against the side of the leader 

 causes the adult beetles to tumble into the net to be destroyed 



ing twice over an acre in this way is about 

 $:..50. 



A recent warning has been issued to plantation owners in New 

 England against what is thought to be a new disease of young 

 white pines. It has been found on young trees of this species of 

 from five to fifteen years of age, and it kills those attacked. As 

 yet little is known of its true character or how serious it may 

 become. It is manifested at first by a slight yellowing of the 

 foliage, which gradually increases until the tree dies. Upon exam 

 ination of the base of the stem just above the ground line, it is 

 found that the bark is dead and depressed, due to a sort of gir- 

 dling action on the living tissue next the wood. At the upper 

 edge of the wound is usually a swelling, due to the formation of 

 a callous as a result of the tree 's effort to heal over t^^e injury.- 

 Scientists who are studying the matter believe the disease i& 

 due to a parasitic fungus. There is some evidence to the effect 

 that ants may contribute to its dissemination. 



These various troubles of the white pine seem not to be shared 

 by the red or Norway pine, and as a result the planting of this 

 tree is on the increase. It makes as good as and often better 

 growth than the white pine and its wood can be used for the same 

 purposes. S. J. E. 



To use one good wood and make it imitate some other good wood 

 is a bad practice that we are gradually getting away from, for we- 

 are realizing that practically every hardwood has its own particular 

 beauty. 



One of the troubles with the things which are coming to him who 

 waits is that they are too slow in arriving. The surest way is to go 

 after what you want. 



