316 



HORTICULTUKE 



February 28, 1914 



{Conlinned from fiage 284) 



GREENHOUSE CONSTRUCTION 

 AND HEATING. 



(A paper read before tlie North Shore 



(Mass.) Horticultural Seciety by F. J. 



Elder.) 



Hot water heating was used before 

 steam heating, and while the use of 

 steam is increasing rapidly, it may still 

 be stated that hot water heat is better 

 in most cases than steam heat. It is 

 not so intense and more like natural 

 or sun heat. It permits of more even 

 distribution, especially so in small or, 

 medium sized houses. Plants will 

 thrive better generally in water heat- 

 ed houses than they will in the super- 

 heated near steam piping. 



The increasing use of steam is due 

 to two causes. The first cost of an 

 ordinary steam plant is considerably 

 less than the cost of a corresponding 

 hot water system, and the adaptability 

 of steam to long houses, which are 

 also increasing in number. Steam 

 circulation is much move positive 

 even in a low-pressure gravity sys- 

 tem, than is a gravity water circula- 

 tion. With steam there is pressure, 

 and steam may be carried long dis- 

 tances without difficulty; whereas 

 gravity water systems are really not 

 adapted to long houses, nor to large 

 ranges. 



Advantages of Hot Water Heating. 



On the other hand, hot water heat- 

 ing is much better and much more 

 economical than steam for small and 

 medium sized plants. In mild weath- 

 er light fires only are necessary, just 

 enough to keep up a circulation; 

 while with steam we must have fire 

 sufficient to boil the water in order 

 to get any circulation whatever. A 

 night fireman is not necessary with a 

 water heated plant. The boiler should 

 have an ample surplus of capacity. It 

 should have a deep fire pot to provide 

 for a deep and slow fire. It should 

 have a long flue travel and much in- 

 direct surface so that the products of 

 combustion will give up most of their 

 heat before passing up the chimney. 

 The boiler should be easy to fire and 

 easy to clean.. 



The Best Boilers. 



For all small and medium-sized 

 plants cast iron sectional boilers are 

 best for water and for steam. They 

 are easier and cheaper to install than 

 tubular boilers, require no bricking in, 

 and they resist corrosion much longer 

 than any wrought boiler can. Two or 

 three such sectional boilers properly 

 valved, may be used with good re- 

 sults. Economy is obtained by using 

 one boiler only in mild weather, and 

 others as needed. Tubular boilers 

 should be used for large plants, and 

 while these boilers are not so well 

 adapted to deep slow fires, large green- 

 house plants require night firemen 

 who may give such boilers the more 

 frequent attention they require. 



Piping. 



In private greenhouses three and 



one-half inch cast-iron piping is 



used almost exclusively. Each lineal 



foot of this pipe contains approximate- 



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Cast iron pipe is of course much 

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