HARDWOOD RECORD 



45 



roi'ost Sovvico. rnitod States Dopai'tment of 

 Agi-icultui-i\ lias Just issued a Ijnok on the prin- 

 ciples of handliUK woodlands. This is a semi- 

 leehnlcal publication which would lie of inflnite 

 value to the owners of timber lands, in whoso 

 hands finally the future fate of the forest lies. 

 It is a first attempt to discuss systematicall.y 

 silviculture with special reference to American 

 conditions. This is also published hy John Wiley 

 & Sons. 



Another publication is the pamphlet issued 

 by the Forest Service on the subject of com- 

 mercial creosotes, with special reference to the 

 protection of wood from decay. The contents 

 include the general requirements of wood-pre- 

 serving oils, composition and properties of creo- 

 sotes, quality, prices and consumption. 



Building Operations for July 



Ofticial reports from some fifty cities through- 

 out the country, as compiled by The American 

 Contractor, Chicago, show a gain of nine per 

 o<nt for ,July as compared with July of the past 

 year. The first seven months of the year also 

 show a gain of nine per cent as compared with 

 the same months of 1911. Gains of over fifty 

 per cent in July were made in the following 

 named cities : Atlanta, ST per cent ; Baltimore, 

 TO : Cedar Rapids, SO ; Des Moines, 396 ; Fort 

 Wayne, 130 ; Hartford. 53 ; Indianapolis, 124 : 

 I.os Angeles, 96: Manchester, To; Memphis, 114: 

 Milwaukee, 221 : Newark, ITT : Paterson, 109 : 

 Shreveport, 51 : South Bend. 293 : Toledo. 150 : 

 Worcester, 6T. I'articulars may be found in the 

 following table: 



July, July. 



1912. 1911. Percent. 



City. Cost. Cost. Gain. Loss. 



Atlanta $ 1.039,551 S 554,968 S7 



Baltimore 781,909 434,86,'i 79 



Birmingham . . 422,538 294.543 43 



Buffalo 1,318.000 1.020.000 IS 



Cedar Rapids.. 315,450 175.000 .80 



Chicago 10,265,800 11,300,0011 .. 9 



Cincinnati .... 971.214 To!i,;;uo 36 



Cleveland 1,828,201 j,:;ns,441 .. 23 



Columbus 423.883 4S3.-J15 .. i-2 



Dallas 347,700 345,300 1 



Denver 454.020 503.800 .. 9 



Des Moines 458,650 92.340 390 



Detroit 2.038.205 1,955.100 4 



Duluth 481.015 20S.9.S5 130 



Fort Wayne... 218.550 233.175 6 



Grand Rapids.. 204.998 324.775 36 



Harrisburg .... 161.625 129.550 24 



Hartford 015. 5.50 400.410 53 



Infilanapolis . . 1.280.512 571. .500 124 



Kansas City... 884.390 755.896 17 



Los Angeles... 3.585.014 l.,S23.014 !'0 



Manchester . . . 194.248 110.555 75 



Memphis 680.629 310,080 114 



Milwaukee .... 3.0.53.470 949.459 221 



Minneapolis . . 879.965 1.410,070 . . 37 



Xashville 138,707 175.500 .. 20 



Newark 1,994.230 718.105 177 



New Haven.... 374.250 013.580 .. 38 



New Orleans... 379.290 509,794 .. 25 



Manhattan .. 7.149,339 7.6.50.353 .. 



Brooklyn , . . 3.962.534 3.705.250 7 



Bronx 3. .591,495 4.121. .5.80 .. 12 



New York 14.703,368 15.477.183 .. 5 



Oakland 435.617 588.107 .. 25 



"Omaha ...:.. 569.329 L234.025 53 



Paterson 212.610 101.591 109 



Philadelphia . . 3.456.S00 4.289.070 . . 19 



Pittsburgh .... 1.186,745 1.011,937 17 



Portland 1,499,120 1.375.315 9 



Rochester 931,166 741.538 25 



St. Paul 889,390 053,751 30 



St. Louis 1.724,665 1.363.006 26 



San .Antonio... 21.5.695 205.009 5 



San Francisco.. 2. 452. 725 2.134.479 14 



Scranton 124.527 227.505 . . 45 



Shreveport ... 119.569 78.738 51 



South Bend. .. . 213.798 .54,3.90 293 



Spokane 226.125 153.500 47 



Toledo 037.980 254.385 150 



Wilkes-Barre . 212.603 173,902 22 



Worcester ,... 652.192 389,417 67 



Total ,$06,255,084 S60.627.478 



*Omaha. Julv. 1911. one permit for office build- 

 ing. .$1,000,000. 



Manufactures of Pennsylvania 



A recent report issued by the Census Bureau 

 shows that the lumber and timber products in- 

 dustry of Pennsylvania, including sawmills, shin- 

 gle mills, plauinc mills and all plants producing 

 rough and dressed lumber, shingles. lath, cooper- 

 age stock, sash, doors and blinds, interior finish 

 and other mill work, and also wooden packing 

 box factories, was represented by 1,924 sawmills 

 and logging plants. 66S independent planing 

 mills and To box factories in 1909. Although 

 the industry as ,i whole shows only a slight in- 



crease during the decade preceding 1009. there 

 was a loss in the value of output of sawmills 

 and lo,gging pl.ints which was more than offset, 

 howcv< r, by the growth in planing mills and 

 box factories. With .^5T.454.000 as the total 

 value of products in all plants 'in 1909, Penn- 

 sylvania r.inks sixth among the states of the 

 Union in this industry. 



The manuf.Mcture of furniture and r.'frigerators 

 ranks Iwenty-sixth among the various industries 

 of Pennsylvania. The value of the output of 

 furniture and relrigerator factories in the state 

 increased from .'5IO.0C9.0O0 in l.SOO to $18,952.- 

 000 in 1009. These figures represented T.T ,ind 

 7.9 per cent. ves]icctively. of the totals for the 

 T'nited States. 



The True Cork Wood of India 



The true cork wood ( Bnmhii.r tniihiharicum) of 

 India is a member of the same group of plants 

 (liomhaceae) to which the West Indian cork 

 woods belong. The balsa (Ochroma lagopus) and 

 ceiba or silk-cotton tree (Erioileiulron anfracluo- 

 siitn). so common in the West Indies and in 

 South America, are the two chief representatives 

 of this important group of trees which are re- 

 markahle for the excessive thickness of their 

 trunks. The most majestic and beautiful trees 

 that arc known belong in this family, and their 

 wood is very light and spongy, to which fact the 

 wood owes its name. 



CEIUa 1 i.i.i, i.\ • 1 l;.\ 



The wood is white when green, but usually 

 turns dark when seasoned in the log. There is 

 no distinction between sap-wood and heart-wood. 

 The \vhite color is retained if the logs are cut 

 into planks and carefully piled and seasoned. 

 The wood also retains its whiteness when the 

 logs are seasoned in fresh water. Cork wood is 

 coarse grained, weak, brittle, and perishable if 

 subjected to light and air, but it is improved 

 and rendered more durable under water. It 

 seasons very quickly, works easily, and weighs 

 from twenty-three to twenty-five pounds per 

 cubic foot. 



The wood is used extensively in India for 

 scabbards, well-curbs, dugouts, water conduits, 

 troughs, fishing floats, and bridges. It is cut 

 into planks from which coffins and doors are 

 made. It is also employed for light packing 

 boxes, tea boxes, and crates, and could be used 

 for making fruit and berry boxes. Cork wood 

 is always selected in certain parts of India for 

 making troughs in the manufacture of cutch, and 

 owing to the ease with w'hich it can be worked 

 it is preferred for making toys, spoons, cups and 

 drums. The wood is easily reduced to pulp by 

 a mechanical process, and for this reason is 

 used extensively in the paper pulp industry. 

 It is equal to that of poplar and willow used in 

 this country. It has been said that cork wood 

 is the best match wood in India and immense 



quantities of this wood are used every year for 

 this purpose. 



Both the wood pulp and match industries in 

 the United States are seeking suitable woods as 

 substitutes for those woods that are now being 

 used. White pine is perhaps the best match 

 wood in the world, but it has become not only 

 very scarce but expensive. The ceiba tree of the 

 West Indies, which has wood similar to the cork 

 wood of India in all essential qualities, could 

 doubtless be obtained In enormous quantities and 

 at a comparatively small cost. A number of 

 closely related trees in tropical America could 

 be profitably utilized for making paper pulp. The 

 species of Ochroma, Bombay;, Eriodcnaron, Pach- 

 ira, and Cavanillesia all belong to this group of 

 light-wooded trees. 



Official Report of National Association 

 Meeting 



The ofticial proceedings of the recent annual 

 convention of the National Hardwood Lumber 

 Association has been received recently from the 

 oftices of that organization. The report includes 

 the contents usual to such publications, but in 

 addition embodies inspection rules on quartered 

 gum, white maple, bridge plank and other woods 

 not covered by the regular hook of inspection 

 rules. For this reason it is presumed that 

 the publication will be of especial interest to a 

 great many lumbermen. 



We are advised that the association has 

 ordered an unusual supply of the proceedings in 

 anticipation of the heavy demand. They will be 

 supplied on request to the as.sociation. 



Hickory Bark Borer 



In the last issue of American Forestry. E. P. 

 Felt, state entomologist of New York, says that 

 the hickory bark borer has already destroyed 

 thousands of trees in central and eastern New 

 York. Mr. Felt says that it is extremely im- 

 portant that all infested hickories should be lo- 

 ii'ted and the infested bark destroyed before the 

 end of May. This is particularly true of those 

 showing particles of brown or white sawdust in 

 the crevices of the bark, as those trees are more 

 dangerous to the adjacent growth than others, 

 which may be plentifully peppered with numer- 

 ous exit holes. The borings of this pest in the 

 inner bark, according to the writer, are yery 

 characteristic, there being longitudinal galleries 

 one to one-and-a-half inches long, about one- 

 eighth of an inch in diameter, and with numerous 

 galleries arising therefrom and spreading out 

 f;in-shape. 



There is only one procedure possible nith in- 

 fested trees, namely to cut them or such 

 branches as are infested and burn before the fol- 

 lowing June In order to prevent the grubs from 

 maturing and changing into beetles, in which 

 form the.v spread from tree to tree. It is es- 

 pecially necessary to locate the hickories which 

 have died wholly or in part during the last sum- 

 mer because they contain the living grubs. By 

 submerging the cut trees in water, and thus 

 killing the grubs, the wood can be utilized. 



Lumber Law Review 



The July Issue of the Lumber Law Review 

 published by the National Lumber Manufacturers' 

 Credit Corporation reviews sundry interesting 

 comments on court opinions as handed down 

 during the month of June, In one instance at- 

 tention is called to a decision on logs and 

 logging as handed down by the supreme court of 

 New Hampshire. In this case the complainants 

 had an option to purchase from the defendant 

 all the white pine plank on a certain lot at 

 the market price when sawed. The complainants 

 obtained an injunction which was wrongfully 

 issued restraining the defendants from selling to 

 any other than themselves. The defendants 

 therefore sold the plank to the complainants for 

 $1S a thousand without prejudice to their rights 

 in the injunction suit. It was held that the 

 defendant but for the injunction could have sold 

 the plank to others for $20 a thousand and 

 that the.v were not bound b.v the option to 



