HARDWOOD RECORD 



31 



tion that service is not a matter of active effort, but may consist 

 of calm and patient bearing of the load. The bung, especially in 

 its relation to the booze-barrel, holds many a load in place, so that 



the quality of its service and its intimate bearing on the needs of 

 mankind are undisputed. 

 Consider the buug. 



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Important Brazilian ^A/^oods 



An increasing demand for Brazilian woods on the North American 

 market calls for a complete knowledge of their trade names. Dealers 

 import logs of a certain kind into this country under a given trade 

 name, and if the wood is regarded favorably among wood users, 

 other shipments of the same kind will be made under its original 

 name. If the wood is plentiful and easily accessible but does not 

 possess the qualities that are most desired, further imports will be 

 made under an entirely different name. Sometimes the commercial 

 names of such woods are English translations of the Spanish or 

 Portuguese local names, though more often the unfamiliar Indian 

 names are chosen. 



The important trees of Brazil have a wide distribution, often 

 extending over an area in which a great many different dialects are 

 spoken. The best known trees from Brazil are those that yield 

 tiniber, resins, dye stuffs, rubber, nuts or fruit. Among those 

 may be mentioned crabwood {Carapa guianensis Sweet.), arnotta 

 (Bixa orcUana Linn.), divi-divi (Cacsalpina coriaria Willd.), brazil 

 nut tree (BerthoUettia excelsa Benth.), avaeate {Persea gratissima 

 Gartn.), sweet sop {Anona squamosa Linn.), etc. All of these have 

 a host of names in the different provinces, as well as on the market. 

 Only the very well established and most useful kinds adhere to one 

 trade name, as in the ease of the rosewood (Machaerium sp.). 

 "With woods of this kind, however, a number of other and often 

 inferior species are being cut and placed on the market as such. 

 This complicates trade nomenclature to such an extent that dealers 

 cannot always be definitely sure as to the kind they are getting 

 when they order a particular wood by its common name. Jacaranda, 

 for instance, is a name applied to the wood of no less than four 

 grnerically different trees, and about twelve different species of 

 woods are cut and sold as the only genuine rosewood. 



It is interesting to observe the meaning of certain prefixes and 

 suiBxes that are so frequently emploj-ed in building up the local or 

 trade names of Brazilian trees. Such aflSses often appear in a 

 great many different forms in spelling and in meaning. For instance, 

 the word uba (meaning tree) is often spelled iba, hyba, ira, neba, 

 yba, igba, and ygba. Forms of this affix are found in bicuiba, 

 bicuhyba, and bocuuba. The etymology of a good many plant names 

 is, however, so obscured that it is almost impossible to determine 

 the words from which they are derived. Chrysopliyllum cyphloeum 

 Eied. is called huranhem, which is a word derived from umira 

 (umbira, ybira), another word meaning tree, and from eem, sweet, 

 a property of the bark. A species of Zanilwxylum is known as 

 tembetaru, which is a word composed of three other words. The 

 tree has very hard, sharp thorns, used by the Indians for piercing 

 holes through ear lobes and lips. The name is, therefore, derived from 

 tembe, meaning lip, ita, stone or hard, and u, a contraction of uba, 

 tree. Tabebuia. a generic name of a bignonaceous tree, is derived 

 from tacyba, ants, iba, Iree, and bubuy, to float, on account of the 

 lightness of the wood, in which ants are found. Sapicaja {Lecytliis 

 sp.) comes from sapia, an egg, and acaja, a forest tree (Spondias 

 I'enulosa Mart.), with edible berries, which is to represent a bird's 

 nest with eggs. 



A collection of these common names affords more than usual 

 interest, and importers of lumber may find invaluable assistance 

 in a well selected list of commercial or trade names of some of 

 the important timber trees of Brazil. A short list of scientfic 

 names of important Brazilian trees with their corresponding ver- 

 nacular or trade names is given below: 



Botanical Names Trade Names 



Anda brasiUenais Anda. And.n-acu 



Andira rosea Andura babajari, pobura, angotim lusit, andira, 



and ibiaiariba. 



Araucaria bramliensis 

 Astroniiim Jraxinijolium 

 Attalea humilis 

 Avicennia nitida 



BartJiolletia excelsa 

 Bixa orcllana 

 Bowdichia virgilioides 



Brosimum auileiii 

 Bn/sonima veriascijolia 

 Cacsalpina coriaria 

 Caesalpinia echinata 



Carapa gujanensis 

 Cariiocar hutyrosum 

 Caryocar glahrum 

 Cassia bra-siliana 

 Chrysopliyllum cainito 

 Chrysohalanus icaco 

 Copaifcra publiflora 

 Crescentia cujete 

 Diptcrix odorata 

 Dipterix pteropus 

 Feuillea trilobata 

 Ocnipa brasiliensis 

 Gua::uma tilmifolia 

 Hiira brasiliensis 

 Ilymenaea courharil 

 Ilex paraguariensis 

 Lucuina caimito 

 Lucuma lasiocarpa 

 Lucuina mammosa 

 Machaerium firmum 

 Machaerium incorruptible 

 Machaerium scleroxylon 

 Melanoxylon brauna 



Miscolobium violaceum 

 Peltogyne guarabu 

 Pcrsea gratissima 

 riatoniainsignis 

 Pothoinorphc sidaefolia 

 Bhizophora mangle 



Spondias tuberosa 

 Trichilia catigoa 

 Wullschlagelia sp. 

 Xylopia frutescens 



Curl, curi uva. 



Uba-tan. yva-taa, Iba-tan, goncalo alex. 



-\naja-mirim. 



Sereiba-tinga, mangue branco, cereibuna, cerel- 

 tinga. 



Nha, nia, castanho do maranhoa. 



Rocu, urucu. 



Sapupira, Sepibira, Sepepira, sebipira, sebupira, 

 sepepera, sucopira, sucupira, cebipira. 



Paida, snake-wood, leopard, letter-wood. 



Mureci. murici. hoyrizi, murusi, mureclguacu. 



Divi divi, libi, dibi. 



Araboutan, pao-Brazilian Lusit, Lima, Nicar- 

 agua, Pernambuco-wood, Bresil de St. Mar- 

 tha. 



Carapa orcara po, Y-andiroba, crabwood. 



Piquia, piqui, pikl, piquihy, tatajuba. 



Tatayonba. 



Genelma, jeneuna. 



Guapeva, caymito. 



Abajeru, goajeru, goajuru. 



.Vrrate, amnrauthe, bois violet. 



Choite, culeyba. cuegyba. cuyete. 



Cumaru, cumbai-u, cumbary, niob. 



Baru, cumbaru. 



Nhandiroba. 



Genipapo, janipabo, jenipapo. 



Ibixuma, mutamba. motamba. 



Assacu, ouassacu, oassacu. 



Simiri, courbaril. algarrobo. 



Congouha, mate. 



Abiu, abi, abi-iba. 



Abiu-rana. 



Palata. 



Jacaranda piranga. jacaranda roxa. 



Jacaranda-una, jacaranda preto. 



Jacaranda-tan. 



Parova una. parovuna, brahuna, guarauna. 

 barahuna, parova-una, parova preta. 



Cobiuna, caviuna, caa-bi-una. 



Guarabu, gurabu. 



Abacate, abacati, avaeate, avagate. 



Bacoropary, bacuri in Para, ibacurupari. 



Aguaxima. 



Apareiba, mangle vermelho, guaparaiba, 



mangue vermelho in Brazil. 

 Ambu, imbu. umbu. 

 Caa-tigua. 

 Agapurana, acapu-rana. 



Pegrecou, pinduiba, embira, imbira. 



C. D. M. 



Grand Scenery Made Accessible 



It is estimated that half a million people go into the national 

 forests yearly for recreation purposes, and an enormous increase 

 in the number is looked for in the future. The national forests are 

 principally among the wildest and most picturesque mountain 

 ranges, where attractions are many. The government is yearly 

 adding hundreds of miles of trails to facilitate the administration 

 of the property, and these paths increase the accessibility of the 

 most attractive regions. Tourists are finding this out, and are 

 making pleasure grounds of many remote districts where formerly 

 no one except the hunter and the prospector went. The rules to 

 be observed by tourists and campers in the national forests are 

 few and simple and in no way interfere with the freedom and 

 enjoyment of the visitors. Many of the grandest mountains, lakes, 

 and rivers of the country are thus being brought within reach of 

 those who are eager to enjoy them, and they will soon understand 

 why it is that they should fall in line with those who "see America 

 first." 



