k2 



capable of morphological, cultural, and biological trans- 

 formation and is also capable of stabilization, at least 

 temporarily, as a sporogenic rod, an asporogenic rod 

 resembling Bacterium [ Achromobacter] eurydice , or as a 

 coccoid form resembling Bacillus pluton. " Burnside sug- 

 gests that Bacillus pluton , Streptococcus apis , and 

 Achromobacter ( Bacterium ) eurydice are variants, or stages 

 in the life history, of Bacillus alvei. (See also Tarr, 

 1935; and Clark, 1939). 



Serbinow (1912) described a disease somewhat unlike 

 foulbrood which he called "blackbrood in "bees." Appar- 

 ently, however, both diseases are caused "by Bacillus alvei . 

 Besides "bees, other insects, of which Polia oleracea is an 

 example, have been found susceptible to Bacillus alvei . 

 The pupae of Polia oleracea were found "by Zorin and Zorina 

 (1928) to be killed by this bacillus. 



A complete description of Bacillus alvei may be found 

 in the 5th edition of Bergey's Manual, pages 661-662. 



Burnside, C. E. 193^ Studies on the bacteria associated 

 with European foulbrood. J. Econ. Entomol. , 27, 656-668. 



^Cheshire, F. R. and Cheyne, W. W. I885 The pathogenic 

 history and history under cultivation of a new bacillus 

 (B. alvei ), the cause of a disease of the hive bee 

 hitherto known as foul brood. J. Roy. Micros cop. Soc. , 

 series 2, 5, 581-601. 



Clark, F. E. 1959 Nonmotile variants of Bacillus alvei . 

 J. Bact., 58, U91-1+97. 



Maassen, A. 1907 Zur atiologie der sogenannten Faulbrut 

 der Honigbienen. Arbeiten K. Biol. Anst. Land u. 

 Forstw. , 6, 55-70. 



Serbinow, I. L. 1912 Chernaia cherva. Blackbrood in 

 bees. Vestnik Russkava obstschestva pehelovodstva, 

 No. 11, k26-k29. 



Tarr, H. L. A. 1935 Studies on European foul brood of 

 bees. I. A. description of strains of Bacillus alvei 

 obtained from different sources, and of another species 

 occurring in larvae affected with this disease. Ann. 

 Applied Biol. , 22, 709-718. 



White, G-. F. 1912 The cause of European foulbrood. 

 U. S. Dept. Agr. Bur. Ent. Cir. 157, 15 pp. 



White, G. F. 1920a European foulbrood. U. S. Dept. Agr. 

 Bui. 810, 39 PP- 



White, G-. F. 1920b Some observations on European foul- 

 brood. Amer. Bee J., 60, 225-227; 266-268. 



Zorin, P. V. , and Zorina, L. M. I928 Contributions a la 

 biologie de la Polia oleracea . Defense des Plantes, 

 No. 5-6, 5, ^75-^86. 



