77 



Bac I LLUS pluton White 



Insect concerned: The honey "bee, Apis mellif era . 



Bacillus pluton was first described by White (1912) 

 as the cause of European fouTbrood and temporarily referred 

 to as Bacillus "Y". He was unable to grow this organism 

 on artificial media although later Wharton (1928) reported 

 success. According to Lochhead (1928) the organism cul- 

 tured "by Wharton appeared to "be closely related if not 

 identical with Streptococcus apis Maassen. Burns ide (193*0 

 claims that " Bacillus alvei is capable of morphological, 

 cultural and "biological transformation and is also capable 

 of stabilization, at least temporarily, as a sporogenic 

 rod, an asporogenic rod resembling Bacterium eurydice , or 

 a coccoid resembling Bacillus pluton . " Burnside also 

 suggests that Bacillus pluton , Streptococcus apis , and 

 Bacterium eurydice are variants, or stages in the life 

 history, of Bacillus alvei . Bergey's Manual (5th edition, 

 page 662) apparently accepts this explanation of the 

 relationship of these forms, although Bacterium (now 

 Achromobacter ) eurydice is given a separate description 

 (page 517). 



Burnside, C. E. 193^ Studies on the "bacteria associated 

 with European foulbrood. J. Econ. Entomol. , 27, 656- 



Lochhead, A. G-. 1928 The etiology of European foulbrood 



of "bees. Science, 67, 159-160. 

 Wharton, D. R. A. 1928 Etiology of European foul -brood 



of bees. Science, 66, J+51-^52. 

 *White, G-. F. 1912 The cause of European fouTbrood. 



U. S. Dept. Agr. Bur. Ent. Circ. 157, 15 PP- 



Bacillus pcncei Glaser 



Insects concerned: Melanoplus femur -rubrum; Encoptolopus 

 sordidus . 



In 1918, G-laser made a study of the organisms distri- 

 buted under the name of Coccobacillus acridiorum d'Herelle, 

 In carrying out these studies, he obtained from Dr. Ponce 

 of Honduras an organism which was not a "coccobacillus" 

 at all, but an organism not heretofore described. Glaser 

 named it Bacillus ponce i. The organism was pathogenic to 

 the above-named insects. However, in most cases, attempts 

 to recover the bacillus from the blood, the alimentary 

 tract, or the feces failed. 



