139 



Since this worker failed to definitely state name of the 

 microorganism concerned in his experiments , it is assumed 

 he refers chiefly to Streptococcus agalactiae . 



Saunders, D. A. 19^0a Musca domes tica , a vector of 



"bovine mastitis (preliminary report). J. Amer. Vet. 



Med. Assoc. , 27, 120-123- 

 Saunders, D. A. 19^0"b Hippelates flies as vectors of 



"bovine mastitis (preliminary report). J. Amer. Vet. 



Med. Assoc. , 97, 306-308. 



Streptococcu S apis Maassen 



(See also Bacillus alvei , Bacillus pluton , and Bacterium 

 eurydice , and Streptococcus liquefaciens . ) 



Insect concerned: The honey "bee, Apis mellifera . 



Lassen (1908) "believed that the etiology of European 

 fouTbrood is not uniform "but that the disease is caused 

 chiefly "by Streptococcus apis and Bacillus alvei . Maassen 

 (1908, I913) stated that the disease could not "be experi- 

 mentally produced "by pure cultures of these organisms. 

 When "bees were fed on triturated sick or dead larvae mixed 

 with honey, they "became sick with a mild form of fouTbrood 

 from which they ultimately recovered. Numerous attempts 

 "by other workers to produce European fouTbrood "by inocula- 

 tion with pure cultures of Streptococcus apis have "been 

 largely unsuccessful. 



Concerning this organism, Burnside (193*0 states: 

 "There seems to "be insufficient reason for assuming that 

 the lancet-shaped "bacterial cell, B. pluton , found in 

 late stages of infection in European fouTbrood, is of 

 different genus and species from the similar form Strep - 

 tococcus apis , which is readily obtained in culture from 

 sick larvae. 



"The identity of Streptococcus apis and Bacillus pluton 

 is suggested "by morphological similarity ..." Burnside 

 goes on to suggest that Bacillus pluton and Streptococcus 

 apis are variants, or stages in the life history of 

 Bacillus alvei . 



Bergey's Manual (1939, 5th. ed. , page 339) lists 

 Streptococcus apis as a synonym for Streptococcus lique - 

 faciens . This is done on the has is of the work of Hucker 

 (1932) who found these two gelatin- liquefying streptococci 

 to "be culturally similar. 



