Cultures 



Included in the study were several strains of V. choleroe from 

 the University of Chicago through Dr. Rolf Freter; one strain of 

 Vibrio fetus from P. Arne Hansen of the University of Maryland 

 and four strains from J. F. Ryff of the Wyoming State Veterinary 

 Laboratory; two strains of Vibrio coli from Leo R. Di Liello in 

 Maryland; one strain of Vibrio tyrogenus from W. B. Haynes of 

 the Northern Regional Research Laboratory, U.S.D.A.; and Vibrio 

 proteus from stock. Vibrio rubicundus, received from W. B. 

 Haynes, was a polar monotrichous fairly straight rod which did 

 not ferment glucose and, if authentic, is better classified in the 

 genus Pseudomonas. Several strains of halophilic vibrios, both 

 luminescent and nonluminescent types, were studied. The non- 

 luminescent strains came from R. A. MacLeod, Fisheries Research 

 Board of Canada, Vancouver. The luminescent strains came from 

 R. Spencer of Humber Laboratory, Hull, England. The latter 

 strains are discussed under Photobacterium although the author 

 does not wholeheartedly favor the existence of the genus Photo- 

 bacterium. 



Flagellar Characteristics 



All typical flagellated vibrios appear to have polar monotrichous 

 flagellation. Multiple flagella at one pole and bipolar flagella are 

 rare except in V. fetus. Multiple polar flagella and bipolar flagella 

 are common in V. fetus. The soma of the latter organism often 

 has several curves like a spirillum. In some cultures the rounded 

 forms (microcysts) were numerous, which is also characteristic of 

 spirilla. The polar flagella, when multiple, frequently are short 

 with few curves of large amplitude, which gives a rather typical 

 spirillum picture. Physiologically V. fetus has few characteristics 

 of a typical vibrio and more closely resembles the spirilla. The 

 original classification of this organism as a SpiriUum has much in 

 its favor. Morphologically the two cultures of V. coli resembled 

 those of V. fetus rather closely. Microcysts were also observed in 

 V. coli but not multiple polar flagella. 



Morphologically the halophilic vibrios do not differ significantly 

 from the nonhalophilic types. In artificial culture the soma is 

 usually a short or oval rod, rarely curved. Identification as vibrios 

 is based on the polar monotrichous flagellation, the fermentative 



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