42, Erivinia 



The genus Erwinki is composed of a group of phytopathogenic 

 bacteria closely related to the coliform group. Should any organism 

 of this genus be isolated in the ordinary public health or clinical 

 laboratory it would certainly be considered a type of coliform. 



Cultures 



A total of fifty-four cultures representing fifteen named species 

 were studied physiologically and morphologically. The great ma- 

 jority of these cultures were received from Dr. Mortimer P. Starr 

 of the University of California. A few cultures were from N. A. 

 Smith, U.S.D.A., and a few from various sources. All cultures 

 grew readily at 20° C. in simple peptone media with the exception 

 of Erwinia tracheiphila. Four strains of this latter organism were 

 studied. All grew slowly and relatively poorly, and were non- 

 motile and nonflagellated. Many of the other strains studied were 



Fig. 44. a. Erwinia amylovora, EA-145. A short filament with normal 

 peritrichous flagella. 



b. E. amylovora, EA-11. A rather unusual situation in this species with 

 normal and curly flagella on the same organism. 



c. E. amylovora, EA-128. A short filament with coiled flagella mainly. 



d. E. salicis, ES-4. This culture showed only normal flagella. 



e. Erwinia sp., Walnut, WC-1. An exceptionally well flagellated culture 

 showing normal flagella only. 



f. E. lathryi, EL-102. Beautifully flagellated culture with normal flagella 

 only. 



g. E. carotovora, EC-153. Rather short normal flagella typical of this strain, 

 h. E. carotovora, EC-109. This organism shows one curly flagellum and 



several normal ones. This culture showed a mixture of individuals with only 

 normal and only curly flagella. The organism pictured was one of a very few 

 with both types of flagella. 



i. E. chrysanthemi, EC-176. This species showed mainly coiled flagella. 

 The organism pictured shows mixed coiled and curly flagella which was 

 common in this strain. 



j. E. aroideae, EA-148. A pure curly individual. This strain also showed 

 individuals with normal flagella and mixed normal and curly flagella. 



k. E. solanisapra, ES-3. This strain showed normal flagella only which did 

 not change to curly by acid suspension. 



1. E. solanisapra, ES-101. This culture showed only curly flagella. It 

 was labeled nonmotile by the donor. Moist preparation showed nonprogressive 

 wiggling and turning motion. 



102 



