328 DIFCO MANUAL 



flocculation may also be used as a measure of hepatic damage.^'^ The reaction 

 is inhibited by heating to 56°C. for 30 minutes, so that inactivated sera cannot 

 be used. The turbidity standards referred to are those in common use for urine 

 protein estimation. They should be checked every few months against diluted 

 serum of known protein content as recommended by Kingsbury^. Also, a photo- 

 electric method for measuring the turbidity quantitatively in this test has been 

 described by Shank & Hoagland.^o 



Occasionally a slight turbidity or a light flocculent precipitate forms in the 

 reagent upon long standing. This slight turbidity in no way interferes with the 

 result obtained; however, if any flocculent be present, it should be removed by 

 filtration through ash-free filter paper into chemically clean receptacles. The re- 

 agent should be stored in the refrigerator at 2-6° C. 



Bacto-Thymol Turbidity Reagent is supplied in 25 ml. bottles in packages of 6. 



iBrit. J. Exp. Path., 25:234:1944- « Gastroenterology, 7:393:1946. 



2 Gastroenterology, 8:52:1947- 'Cyclopedia of Med., 1947. 



3 J. Am. Med. Assoc, 133:909:1947- ^ Am. J. Med., 8:60:1950. 



4 J. Lab. Clin. Med., 30:983:1945. ® J- Lab. Clm. Med., 11:981:1926. 

 6 Gastroenterology, 7:1:1946. ^° J- Biol. Chem., 162:133:1946- 



BAGTO-KINGSBURY STANDARDS (B349) 



Bacto-Kingsbury Standards are prepared according to the specifications of 

 Kingsbury, Clark, Williams and Post^ for use in the Maclagan Thymol Turbidity 

 Test and in the estimation of urinary albumin. The set consists of seven stand- 

 ards, corresponding to 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 75 per cent albumin as published 

 by Kingsbury et al.^ These standards are especially recommended for use with 

 Bacto-Thymol Turbidity Reagent (see page 327) in the Maclagan test^ and 

 modifications^'* indicating hepatic parenchymal impairment. 



1 J. Lab. Clin. Med., 11:981:1926. a Gastroenterology, 8:52:1947. 



a Brit. J. Expl. Path., 25:234:1944. * J. Am. Med. Assoc, i33:909:i947' 



PHENOLSULFONPHTHALEIN AMPULS, DIFCO (B221) 

 FOR RENAL FUNCTION TEST 



Phenolsulfonphthalein Ampuls, Difco contain a carefully prepared solution 

 for determining renal functional activity. Each ml. of the solution contains 0.006 

 grams (Ho grain) of the dye in the form of its monosodium salt. The ampuls 

 contain sufficient solution to allow the withdrawal of one ml. Phenolsulfon- 

 phthalein Ampuls, Difco conform to the specifications for Phenolsulfonphthalein 

 Injection as given in the U. S. Pharmacopeia. 



When phenolsulfonphthalein, in the form of its sodium salt, is injected either 

 intramuscularly or intraveneously, a large percentage is normally excreted in the 

 urine within a comparatively short time. This observation by Abel and Rowntree^ 

 has been used by Rowntree and Geraghty^ as the basis of a most accurate test for 

 the functional activity of the kidney. This test is universally known as a renal 

 function test. 



After intramuscular injection the first traces of dye begin to appear in the 

 urine in 5-10 minutes and the normal kidney will excrete from 60-80 per cent 

 of the total amount injected within 2 hours. 



After intravenous administration the excretion of the phenolsulfonphthalein is 

 normally more rapid; 35-45 per cent being eliminated in 15 minutes, 50-65 per 

 cent in 30 minutes, and 65-80 per cent during the first hour. 



If the initial appearance of the phenolsulfonphthalein in the urine is delayed, 



