BACTERIAL SPOKt: GERMINATION 41 



Knight, B. C. J. G. and P. Fildes. 1930. Oxidation-reduction studies in rela- 

 tion to bacterial growth. III. The positive limit of oxidation-reduction 

 potential required for the germination of B. tetani spores in vitro. Bio- 

 chem. J. 24: 1496-1502. 



Mehl, D.A. and E. S. Wynne. 1951. A determination of the temperature 

 characteristic of spore germination in a putrefactive anaerobe. J. Bact. 

 16: 121-126. 



Powell, J. F. 1951. The sporulation and germination of a strain of Bacillus 

 megatherimn. J. Gen. iMicrobiol. 5: 993-1000. 



Weil, R. 1901. Arch. Hyg. 36: 205 et seq. Cited by Fischoeder. 



Wynne, E. S. 1952. Some physiological aspects of bacterial spore forma- 

 tion and spore germination. Bact. Reviews 16: 101-110. 



Wynne, E. S.. R. E. Collier, and D. A. Mehl. 1952. Locus of action of strep- 

 tomycin in the development of Clostridia from spore inocula. J. Bact. 

 64: 883-886. 



Wynne, E. S. and J. W. Foster. 1948a. Physiological studies on spore germi- 

 nation with special reference to Clostridium hotulinum. I. Development 

 of a quantitative method. J. Bact. 55: 61-68. 



Wynne, E. S. and J. W. Foster. 1948b. Phvsiological studies on spore ger- 

 mination, with special reference to Clostridium hotulinum. III. Carbon 

 dioxide and germination, with a note on carbon dioxide and aerobic 

 spores. J. Bact. 55: 331-339. 



Wynne, E. S. and L. I. Galyen. 1956. Further studies on germination at 

 75°C of spores of mesophilic Clostridia. Bact. Proc. 45. 



Wynne, E. S., L. I. Galyen, and D. A. Mehl. 1955. Thermophilic germina- 

 tion of spores of mesophilic Clostridium. Bact. Proc, 39. 



Wynne, E. S. and K. Harrell. 1951. Germination of spores of certain Clos- 

 tridium species in the presence of penicillin. Antibiotics and Chemo- 

 therapy 1 : 198-202. 



Wynne, E. S., D. A. Mehl, and W. R. Schmielding. 1954. Germination of 

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Wynne, E. S., W. R. Schmielding, and G. T. Daye, Jr. 1955. A simplified 

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Informal Discussion 



Church: Our criteria of germination have been based on a thermal la- 

 bility and we feel, too. that it is sound and safe procedure and a most prac- 

 tical one for use at this time. I wonder if what is occurring prior to ger- 

 mination, a state of activation such as we have recently observed in the case 

 of glucose oxidation and which under certain conditions leads to germina- 

 tion, cannot also be included as a third state in the physiological develop- 

 ment from the resting spore. 



SUSSMAN: At the risk of being somewhat pedantic, I should like to say 

 a little about what I consider to be the original concept of germination that 

 developed in biology. This concept grew up around the fact that one could 

 observe morphological changes which coincided with the disruption of dor- 



