Chapter II — 23 — Important Types 



(a) Conidia produced in chains, in aerial hyphae Streptomyces. 



Type species— Sfrepfowjces alhus. 



(b) Conidia produced terminally and singly on short conidiophorcs 



Micromonospora. 

 Type species— MicromoMospora chalcea. 



Genus I. Actinomyces Harz 



QStreptothrix Colin; Nocardia Toni and Trevisan; Cladothrix Eppinger, Wolf- 

 Israel fungus; Anaeromyces Castellani; Brevistreptothrix Lignieres; Cohnistrepto- 

 thrix Pinoy). 



Actinomyces hovis Harz. CDiscomyces hovis Rivolta; Bacterium 

 actinocladothrix Afanasiev; Nocardia actinoviyces Trevisan; Actino- 

 myces hominis Wolf and Israel; Streptothrix actinomyces Rossi-Doria; 

 Cladothrix hovis Mace; Oospora hovis Sauvageau and Radais; Actinomy- 

 ces hovis sidphiireus Gasperini; Nocardia hovis Blanchard; Streptothrix 

 israeli Kruse; Cladothrix actino-myces Mace; Actinomyces israeli Lach- 

 ner-Sandoval; Streptothrix actinomycotica Foulerton; Streptothrix hovis 

 commnnis Foulerton; Streptothrix hovis Chester; Discomyces israeli 

 Gedoelst; Actincnnyces sidphureus Sanfelice; Streptothrix sulphurea 

 Caminiti; Sphaerotilus hovis Engler; Actinohacterium israeli Sampietro; 

 Cohnistreptothrix israeli Pinoy; Proactinomyces israeli Negroni; Actino- 

 myces wolf-israel and Corynehacterium israeli Lentze; Proactinomyces 

 hovis Henrici; Actinomyces israeli Rosebury). 



According to Baldacci (17), most of the cultures listed as A. hovis 

 comprise forms which have also been designated as A. alhus, A. sid- 

 phureus, etc. These include the four species or varieties of A. hovis 

 created in 1894 by Gasperini, namely, A. hovis sidphureus, A. hovis 

 farcinictis, A. hovis alhus, and A. hovis hiteo-roseus. Waksman's de- 

 scription of A. hovis (443) is said to be equivalent to A. hovis sidphu- 

 reus. Baldacci recommends that this species be considered as A. sid- 

 phureus Gasperini. Baldacci further included among A. hovis, Strep- 

 tothrix hominis Foulerton, Streptothrix luteola Foulerton, Actinomyces 

 hovis Harz fide Waksman, Actinomyces hominis Waksman (sub. A. 

 hominis Bostroem), A. hovis Harz fide Lignieres. 



Very sparse development of erect aerial hyphae in growths produced 

 in an atmosphere of reduced oxygen tension. These hyphae are oc- 

 casionally septate, but no definite spores are formed; aerial mycelium 

 heavier than vegetative mycelium, one micron or even more in diameter. 

 Arthrospores about 2[jl long. Gram-positive. Acid-fast. The substrate 

 mycelium is initially unicellular, and the branches may extend into long 

 filaments, causing the colony to adhere to the medium, or may give 

 rise more or less quickly to irregular segments and characteristic angular 

 branching. The colonies exhibit a considerable degree of polymor- 

 phism, but no stable variants have been established. Liquid media are 

 usually clear. 



Compared with the aerobic actinomycetes, the anaerobic organisms 



