ANTIBIOTICS OF ACTINOMYCETES 197 



Concentration, extraction with benzene, adsorption on bentonite clay, 



elution with methanol. 

 Chemical and physical properties: Acidic substance. Maximum ultraviolet 



absorption in isopropanol 256 mp. m.p. 145-146°C; [a] 2 J = —28° in 



ethanol. CaHuNOa. 

 Biological activity: Active in vivo against Borrelia. Active in vitro against 



Sarcina lutea and certain micrococci. In small quantities, enhances 



the antisyphilitic action of crystalline penicillin G. 

 Toxicity: LD50 (mice), subcutaneous, 74.7 mg/kg; intravenous, 39 mg/kg. 

 Utilization: None. 

 References: Berger, J., Jampolsky, L. M., and Goldberg, M. W., Arch. 



Biochem., 22, 1949, 476-478; Buck, M., Farr, C., and Schnitzer, 



R. J., Trans. N. Y. Acad. Sci., 11, 1948^9, 207-214. 



Cacaomycetin 



Produced by: Streptomyces cacaoi. 



Method of extraction: Extraction with carbon tetrachloride, chromatography 



on alumina, elution with ethanol. 

 Chemical and physical properties: Slightly soluble in water, soluble in many 



organic solvents. Stable in neutral and acid solutions. Very unstable 



at alkaline pH. 

 Biological activity: Active on phy corny cetes and ascomycetes. Very active 



against Aspergillus niger. 

 Toxicity: LD (mice), subcutaneous, about 300 mg/kg. 

 Utilization: Probably none. 

 Reference: Wakaki, S., Akanabe, S., Hamada, K., and Kurihara, I., J. 



Antibiotics (Japan), 5, 1952, 24-29. 



Camphomycin 



Produced by: Streptomyces sp. 



Method of extraction: Extraction from culture media with methyl acetate or 

 ether. Repeated purification with ether, alcohol, and chloroform. Crys- 

 tallization from ether solutions. 



Chemical and physical properties: Basic white needle-shaped crystals in 

 bunches. Soluble in ether, methyl acetate, amyl acetate, chloroform, 

 benzene, and alcohols. Slightly soluble in water. Stable over a wide 

 pH range and is rather thermostable, m.p. 149°C. Contains quinonic 

 grouping. Negative Heller, Millon, Fehling, Benedict, a-naphthol, 

 biuret, and ferric chloride reactions. Contains C, H, 0, N. 



Biological activity: Active against gram-positive bacteria, certain gram- 

 negative bacteria (E. coli), and certain mycobacteria. It also inhibits 

 certain yeasts (Saccharomyces octosporus). It has both lytic and micro- 



