ANTIBIOTICS OF ACTINOMYCETES 199 



in chloroform. The base is partly soluble in water. Acid salts such as 

 the sulfate and hydrochloride are water-soluble. C43H69-71NO16. 



Biological activity: Active against gram-positive bacteria, rickettsiae, and 

 large viruses; not against gram-negative bacteria, except Hemophilus 

 and Neisseria; little activity against Mycobacteria. Development of 

 resistance slow. No cross resistance with the common antibiotics. 

 Growth -promoting action on chicks. 



Toxicity: LD 6 o (mice), intravenous, 550 mg/kg. 



Utilization: Possible utilization in treatment of infections caused by gram- 

 positive bacteria and rickettsiae. May be used as a feed supplement. 



Reference: Tanner, F. W., Jr., English, A. R., Lees, T. M., and Routein, 

 J. B., Antibiotics & Chemotherapy, 2, 1952, 441-443; Pagano, J. F., 

 et al, ibid., S, 1953, 899-902, 910-914. 



Cardicin 



Produced by: Nocardia sp. 



Method of extraction: Extraction of the mycelium with methanol. 



Chemical and physical properties: Organic acid; insoluble in dilute acid, 



ether, and acetone. Soluble in methanol, ethanol, and butanol. The 



sodium salt is water-soluble. 

 Biological activity: Inhibits the growth of several gram-positive bacteria, 



fungi, and bacteriophages. Active in eggs against the PR-8 and FM-1 



strains of the influenza virus. 

 Toxicity: Relatively high. 

 Utilization: Probably none. 

 Reference: Machlowitz, R. A., Charney, J., Gibson, 0., Fisher, W. P., and 



Roberts, W. S., Abstr. of paper 122, Meeting Am. Chem. Soc, 1952, 



p. 13A. 



Catenulin 



Produced by: Streptomijces sp. 



Synonym: Closely related to neomycin B. 



Method of extraction: Adsorption and elution from carbon. Crystallized as 

 the helianthate or as the p(p'-hydroxy-phenylazo) -benzene sulfonate 

 from hot water. 



Chemical and physical properties: Analysis of catenulin sulfate: C, 31.5, 

 per cent, H, 6.1 per cent, N, 7.9 per cent, S0 4 , 28.1 per cent; optically 

 active. [a]f = +51.9° in water. No typical ultraviolet absorption 

 spectrum. The infrared absorption is typical of a polypeptide spec- 

 trum. Stable in acid solutions. Upon prolonged acid hydrolysis, caten- 

 ulin yields a substance behaving by paper chromatography like 



