202 THE ANTIBIOTICS 



Coelicolorin 



Produced by: Streptomyces coelicolor. 



Method of extraction: Extraction of solid cultures with acetone at acid pH. 



Precipitation of active substance from acetone solution with water; 



extraction with benzene. Further purification by chromatography on 



alumina. 

 Chemical and physical properties: Indicator: red up to pH 5, violet at pH 



6-7, and blue higher than pH 8. Soluble in water at alkaline reaction. 



Very soluble in acetone, ethyl acetate, and chloroform. Soluble in 



alcohol, methanol, benzene, and ether. Insoluble in petroleum ether. 



m.p. 142-146°C. 

 Biological activity: Active mainly against gram-positive bacteria. 

 Toxicity: LD 6 o (mice), intraperitoneal, about 500 mg/kg. 

 Utilization: Probably none. 

 Reference: Hatsuta, Y., J. Antibiotics (Japan), 2, 1949, 276-277. 



Cycloheximide 



Produced by: Strains of Streptomyces griseus. 



Synonym: Actidione. 



Method of extraction: Extraction of broth with chloroform. 



Chemical and physical properties: Recrystallized from water as colorless 



plates; m.p. 119. 5-121. 0°C; soluble in water, chloroform, and ether; 



thermostable, [a]™ —3° in methanol. C15H23NO4. 

 Biological activity: Active against yeasts and certain filamentous fungi and 



smuts; yeasts tend to develop rapid resistance; no activity against 



Candida albicans. 

 Toxicity: LD 50 (mice), intravenous, 150 mg/kg; (rats), intravenous, 2.5 



mg/kg. 

 Utilization: Treatment of certain fungus diseases of plants. 

 Reference: Whiffen, A. J., Bohonos, N., and Emerson, R. L., J. Bacteriol., 



52, 1946, 610-611; 56, 1948, 283-291. 



Dextromycin 



Produced by: Streptomyces sp. 



Method of extraction: Same as streptomycin and streptothricin. 



Chemical and physical properties: Basic, stable substance, water-soluble, 

 insoluble in organic solvents, [a]* 5 ' = +61.0; C, 30.9 per cent; H, 

 7.2 per cent; N, 8.1 per cent. Slowly diffusible. Maltol reaction nega- 

 tive. 



Biological activity: Same as streptomycin. 



Toxicity: LD 5 o (mice), intravenous, 50 mg/kg; subcutaneous, 750-1,000 

 mg/kg. No delayed toxicity in mice. 



