206 THE ANTIBIOTICS 



Chemical and physical properties: Organic base, water-soluble and insoluble 

 in organic solvents. Stable. 



Biological activity: Active against gram-positive, gram-negative, and acid- 

 fast bacteria. 



Toxicity: LD (mice), intravenous, about 200 mg/kg; subcutaneous, about 

 500 mg/kg. 



Utilization: Probably same as neomycin. 



References: Aiso, K., Miyaki, K., Yanagizawa, F., Arai, T., and Hayaski, 

 M., J. Antibiotics (Japan), 8, 1950, 87-92; Arai, T., ibid., 4, 1951, 

 215-220. 



Fradicin 



Produced by: Streptomyces fradiae. 



Method of extraction: Extraction of the broth with butanol, concentration 

 of butanol in vacuo, extraction with ethanol, concentration, precipita- 

 tion of an oil with acetone and petroleum ether. The oil is dissolved 

 in f-butanol and lyophilized. 



Chemical and physical properties. Weak base soluble in alcohols, especially 

 in propylene glycol and chloroform. Insoluble in ether, carbon tetra- 

 chloride, benzene, acetone, and water. Stable at neutrality. Maximum 

 light absorption at 240, 290, 335, 355 and 372 mju. Tentative empirical 

 formula C30H34N4O4. 



Biological activity: Not active against bacteria. Active against most fungi, 

 mainly at alkaline pH. 



Toxicity: LD50 (mice), intraperitoneal and oral, 4 mg/kg. Very irritating to 

 rabbit skin. 



Utilization: Most likely none. 



Reference: Swart, E. A., Romano, A. H., and Waksman, S. A. Proc. Soc. 

 Exptl. Biol. Med., 78, 1950, 376-378; Hickey, R. J., and Hidy, P. H., 

 Science, 118, 1951, 361-362. 



Framycetin 



Produced by: Streptomyces sp. 



Synonym: Soframycine, antibiotic 185. 



Method of extraction: Adsorption on activated charcoal and elution with 

 acid alcohol. Can also be extracted by adsorption on cation exchange 

 resins and elution with an acid solution. 



Chemical and physical properties: Basic, nonpigmented substance, water 

 soluble and insoluble in organic solvents. Chemical analysis of the 

 sulfate: C = 33 per cent, H = 5.3 per cent, N = 9.1 per cent, O = 23.5 

 per cent, S0 4 = 29 per cent, [a] J, 8 = +50° in water concentration 

 1 per cent. All the nitrogen in the molecule is in the form of amino 



