ANTIBIOTICS OF ACTINOMYCETES 209 



Hydroxystreptomycin 



Produced by: Streptomyces griseocarneus., S. reticuli. 



Synonym: Reticulin. 



Method of extraction: Same as streptomycin. 



Chemical and physical properties: Same as streptomycin. Can be differen- 

 tiated from streptomycin by paper chromatography. Same chemical 

 structure as streptomycin except for hydroxylation of the streptose 

 molecule. 



Biological activity: Same as streptomycin. 



Toxicity: About the same as streptomycin and dihydrostreptomycin. Very 

 ototoxic to cats. 



Utilization: None. 



Reference: Benedict, R. G., Stodola, F. H., Shotwell, 0. L., Borud, A. M., 

 and Lindenfelser, L. A., Science, 112, 1950, 77-78; Grundy, W. E., 

 Whitman, A. L., Hanes, M. E., and Sylvester, G. C., Antibiotics & 

 Chemotherapy, 1, 1951, 309-317; Ambrose, A. M., Proc. Soc. Exptl. 

 Biol. Med., 76, 1951, 466; Hawkins, G. E., Trans. 10th Conf. Chemo- 

 therapy of Tuberculosis, Atlanta, 1951, 224-227; Hosoya, S., Soeda, 

 M., Komatsu, N., Sonoda, Y., Japan. J. Exptl. Med., 20, 1949, 327- 

 335. 



Lavendulin 



Produced by: Streptomyces lavendulae. 



Synonym: Closely related to streptothricin. 



Method of extraction: Adsorbed on Decalso, eluted with sodium chloride. 

 Further purification by alumina chromatography. 



Chemical and physical properties: Basic substance, thermostable, dialyzes 

 through cellophane. Soluble in water and methanol; insoluble in ether. 



Biological activity: Active against gram-positive, gram-negative, and acid- 

 fast bacteria. Some activity against fungi. Limited activity against 

 B. cereus-mycoides and streptococci. 



Toxicity: LD m (mice), intraperitoneal, 25 mg/kg. 



Utilization: None. 



Reference: Kelner, A., and Morton, H. E., J. Bacterid., 53, 1947, 695-704; 

 Morton, H. E., Proc. Soc. Exptl. Biol. Med., 64, 1947, 327-331; Juno- 

 wicz-Kocholaty, R., and Kocholaty, W., J. Biol. Chem., 168, 1947, 757. 



Leucomycin 



Produced by: Streptomyces kitasatoensis. 

 Synonym: Closely related to erythromycin. 



Method of extraction: Extraction of broth at pH 7.0 with benzene or ethyl 

 acetate. 



