ANTIBIOTICS OF ACTINOMYCKTES 231 



with decomposition. Maximum ultraviolet absorption at 232 and 370 

 niju. Ci4H 12 4 N 4 S4. 



Biological activity: Active against gram-positive and gram-negative bac- 

 teria. Relatively inactive against fungi. 



Toxicity: LD 6 o (mice), intravenous, 16 mg/kg. 



Utilization: Little promise, because of toxic nature. 



Reference: Bolhofer, W. A., Machlowitz, and Charney, J., Abstr. of paper 

 122 Meeting Am. Chem. Soc, 1952, p. 12A; Antibiotics & Chemo- 

 therapy, 8, 1953, 383-384, 385-392. 



Thiolutin 



Produced by: Streptomyces albus, S. celluloflavus. 



Synonyms: Aureothricin, farcinicin. 



Method of extraction: The broth is adjusted to pH 2.0 with HC1 and filtered. 

 The clear filtrate is adjusted to pH 7.0 with NaOH and extracted by 

 stirring with 3^ or Y± volume of ethyl acetate. After removal of the 

 ethyl acetate layer, the extraction is repeated once. The combined 

 ethyl acetate extract is dehydrated with anhydrous sodium sulfate. 

 After sodium sulfate is removed by filtration, ethyl acetate is concen- 

 trated in vacuo at 30-40°C. In the course of concentration there ap- 

 pears a yellow crystalline substance. After recrystallization from ethyl 

 acetate, yellow crystals decomposing at 256-257°C are obtained. 



Chemical and physical properties: Neutral, optically inactive, yellow-orange 

 crystals of a high sulfur content. Slightly soluble in water, ether, ben- 

 zene; soluble in ethanol, methanol, chloroform, acetone, glacial acetic 

 acid, methyl isobutyl ketone. Maximum light absorption at 365, 315, 

 and 245 mju; minimum at 235, 285, and 330 nnx; decomposes at 270°C. 

 Stable in acid and neutral solution; decomposes in alkaline solutions. 

 C 8 H 8 N 2 S 2 (aureothricin— C 9 H 10 N 2 S 2 O 2 ) . 



Biological activity: Active against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria 

 in concentration of 1 to 15 mcg/ml, Pseudomonas and Brucella being 

 resistant. Pathogenic fungi inhibited in concentration of 1-5 mcg/ml. 

 Candida albicans resistant. Mild but definite microbicidal action against 

 bacteria, fungi, and protozoa. 



Toxicity: LD 6 o (mice), subcutaneous, 25 mg/kg; oral, 25 mg/kg. 



Utilization: Recommended for topical use against fungus infections. 



Reference: Seneca, H., Kane, J. H., and Rockenbach, J., Antibiotics & 

 Chemotherapy, 2, 1952, 357-360; Celmer, W. D., Tanner, F. W., Jr., 

 Harfenist, M., Lees, T. M., and Solomons, I. A., J. Am. Chem. Soc, 

 74, 1952, 6304-6305; Umezawa, H., Maeda, K., and Kosaka, H., 

 Japan Med. J., 1, 1948, 512-517. 



