232 THE ANTIBIOTICS 



Trichomycin 



Produced by: Streptomyces hachijoensis. 



Method of extraction: Extraction of mycelial mat with acetone or methanol, 



extract concentrated in vacuo, pH adjusted to 5.4, giving a yellow 



precipitate. 

 Chemical and physical properties: Unstable at acid reaction, stable in weak 



alkali; soluble in butanol, ethanol, acetone; very soluble in water at 



alkaline pH; insoluble in ether, petroleum ether, and ethyl acetate. 



Gives blue color when treated with cone, mineral acids. Maximum 



absorption of ultraviolet light at 235 and 335 m/x. 

 Biological activity: No activity against bacteria; weak activity against 



filamentous fungi. Active against yeasts, including Candida albicans, 



and two species of Trichomonas. 

 Toxicity: LD 6 o (mice), subcutaneous, > 125 mg/kg; intraperitoneal, 5 mg/kg. 

 Utilization: Most likely none. 

 Reference: Hosoya, S., Komatsu, N., Soeda, M., Yuwaguchi, T., and Sonoda, 



Y., J. Antibiotics (Japan), 5, 1952, 564-566. 



Vinacetin 



Produced by: Streptomyces sp. Closely related to S. albosporeus. 



Method of extraction: Broth adjusted to pH 5.0, filtered on paper to remove 

 inert precipitate. Adsorption on cation exchange resin, elution with 

 acetone. Evaporation of acetone, extraction of residual aqueous solu- 

 tion with ethyl acetate. Evaporation in vacuo of the ethyl acetate 

 leaves a brown powder. The pure antibiotic can be crystallized from a 

 chloroform-ether mixture. 



Chemical and physical properties: Yellow platelet shaped crystals, m.p. 

 157-158°C. Soluble in ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, methanol and 

 acetone. Slightly soluble in water, insoluble in ether and petroleum 

 ether. Soluble in alkaline water with development of a violet color. 

 More active and more stable at pH 5.0 than at pH 7.0 and 9.0. Nega- 

 tive ninhydrin, Sakaguchi's and Millon's reactions. Positive Molisch, 

 FeCl3 and Fehling's reactions. 



Biological activity: Active against certain gram-positive bacteria (Staph, 

 citreus, Corynebacterium diphtheriae) and mycobacteria. Inactive 

 against gram-negative bacteria and fungi. 



Toxicity: 5 mg per 15 gm mouse injected intravenously and intraperi- 

 toneally had no toxic effect. 10 mg killed the mice. 



Utilization: Unknown. 



Reference: Omachi, K., J. Antibiotics (Japan), A 6, 1953, 73-79. 



