PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL TECHNICS 196 



Other Methods 



Microbiological assay has become a powerful analytical tool and is 

 widely used. Methods for amino acid assay have been mentioned above 

 (Nitrogen Metabolism) ; for methods used in vitamin analysis, the com- 

 pilation of Gyorgy (1951) is useful. 



Isotopes are being used at an ever-increasing pace in the study of 

 microbial biochemistry. Several commercial organizations offer ready 

 assistance with reference to the type of equipment best suited for specific 

 purposes. Numerous centers exist for the training of new workers in this 

 field, such as the laboratories of the Atomic Energy Commission. The 

 literature in this field is rapidly accumulating, and several compilations 

 of methods exist (Kamen, 1951; Wilson, 1948), with descriptions of new 

 and improved procedures often appearing. 



Bacterial Genetics 



The use of biochemical mutants and of organisms adapted to metabo- 

 lize specific substrates has played an important role in advancing bio- 

 chemistry in the past decade. Such tools are being employed with great 

 ingenuity, and methods for their use have appeared (Catcheside, 1951; 

 Lederberg, 1951; Luria, 1950; Spiegelman and Landman, 1954). 



BIBLIOGRAPHY 



Archibald, R. M. 1946. In Amino acid analysis of proteins. Ann. N, Y. Acad. Sci.f 



47, 181-186. 

 Bandurski, R. S., and B. Axelrod. 1951. The chromatographic identification of 



some biologically important phosphate esters. J. Biol. Ckem., 193, 405-410. 

 Barton-Wright, E. C. 1952. "The Microbiological Assay of the Vitamin B-complex 



and Amino Acids," 179 pp. Pitman Publishing Corporation, New York. 

 Berry, H. K., H. E. Sutton, L. Cain, and J. S. Berry. 1951. Development of paper 



chromatography for use in the study of metabolic patterns. Univ. Texas Publ. 



5109, pp. 22-55. 

 Billen, D., and H. C. Lichstein. 1949. Studies on the aspartic acid decarboxylase of 



Rhizohium trifolii. J. BacterioL, 58, 215-221. 

 Black, S. 1949. A microanalytical method for the volatile fatty acids. Arch» 



Biochem., 23, 347-359. 

 Block, R. J., E. L. Durrum, and G. Zweig. 1955. "A Manual of Paper Chroma- 

 tography and Paper Electrophoresis," 484 pp. Academic Press, Inc., New York. 

 Booth, V. H., and D. E. Green. 1938. A wet-crushing mill for microorganisms. 



Biochem. J., 32, 855-861. 

 Brown, J. H. 1923. The formol titration of bacteriological media. /. BacterioL^ 



8, 245-267. 

 Bueding, E., and H. W. Yale. 1951. Production of a-methylbutyric acid by 



bacteria-free Ascaris lumhricoides. J. Biol. Chem., 193, 411-423. 

 Carter, C. E. 1950. Paper chromatography of purine and pyrimidine derivatives 



of yeast ribonucleic acid. /. Am. Chem. Sac, 72, 1466-1471. 



