In the late 1700's and the early 1800's the expansion of the 

 whahng industry offered many opportunities for examination 

 of these interesting mammals. Figures 3 and 4 are dramatic ex- 

 amples of the state of the industry in the late eighteenth and 

 early nineteenth centuries. 



One of the earliest drawings of the complex brain of one of 

 the cetacea is that of Gottfried Reinhold Trediramus in 1818 

 (Fig. 5). This is an anterior view of the brain of the common 

 porpoise Phocaena phocaena. This is one of the earliest pictures 

 showing the complexity of the fissuration and the large numbers 

 of gyri and sulci. 



By the year 1843 the size of the brain of whales was being re- 

 lated to the total size of the body. The very large brains of the 

 large whales were reduced in importance by considering their 

 weight in a ratio to the weight of the total body. This type of 

 reasoning was culminated with a long series of quantitative 

 measures published by Eugene Dubois {Bulletins de la SocietS 

 d' Anthropologic de Paris, Ser. 4, VIII [1897], 337-376). 



Descriptions from those of Hunter and Tyson onwards agree 

 that, in absolute size, the brains are as large and larger than 

 those of man. All were agreed that the smaller whales, i.e., the 

 dolphins and porpoises, have very large brains with relation to 

 their body size. It was argued, therefore, with respect to the 

 dolphin, "this creature is of more than ordinary wit and ca- 

 pacity." (Robert Hamilton, The Natural History of the Ordi- 

 nary Cetacea or Whales, p. 66, in Sir William Jardine, The 

 Naturalist's Library, volume 7, Edinburgh, 1843.) 



Tiedemann's drawings of the brain of Delphinus del phis and 

 of Delphinus phocaena were published by H. G. L. Reichenbach 

 in his Anatomia Mammalium in 1845. The four drawings are 

 shown in Figure 6. These drawings show the improved aware- 

 ness of the complexities of these large brains in regard to cere- 

 bral cortex, the cerebellum, and the cranial nerves. Correlations 

 between the structure of this brain and the behavior of the 



33 



