tions and hence in their abilities to communicate with one an- 

 other. As I impHed in Man and Dolphin, it is not possible to 

 measure accurately the intelligence of any other being than that 

 of a human being, mainly because we do not exchange ideas 

 through any known communication mode with such beings. 



The difficulties of such understanding as we can possibly gain 

 of the real situation of the whales in the sea and their adaptation 

 as mammals to this particular environment, can be illustrated by 

 their use of sonic generators for the location of their prey and of 

 the boundaries of their container by means of the perception of 

 echoes. As is well known, the small mammals, such as the bat, 

 use this mechanism in air." The bottlenose dolphin also uses this 

 same kind of mechanism underwater.' " '" Because these animals 

 are immersed in a medium of a density and a sound velocity 

 comparable to the density and sound velocity of their own bodies, 

 they can presumably use their sonar also in looking, as it were, 

 inside one another's body.' The sonar view of the inside of the 

 body of a dolphin may possibly be very instructive to other 

 dolphins and possibly even aid in diagnosis of the causes of cer- 

 tain problems, especially of those of the baby by the mother. For 

 example, their buoyancy depends upon maintaining their center 

 of gravity below their center of buoyancy; otherwise they turn 

 over and drown. If the baby develops gas in stomach #i, he 

 can develop problems in his buoyancy relationship which turn 

 him over; however, the mother dolphin can probably easily find 

 out whether or not there is a bubble of gas in the baby's stomach 

 by her echo ranging abilities. When she discovers such a bubble, 

 she can then burp the baby by banging on the belly with her 

 beak. We have seen such operations take place in our tanks. 

 Here is another instance of the animal using a given output, 

 coupled with the proper input, to diagnose a problem and to 

 manipulate other outputs in the solution of that problem. How 

 much of this is labeled "instinctual," i.e., "unlearned," is purely a 

 matter of intellectual taste. 



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