between lOO to 300 kilocycles without transmitting anything in 

 the band from 8 kilocycles to 20 kilocycles in a narrow beam 

 straight ahead of his body. When he is upset by the activities of 

 a younger male, they face one another and blast at one another 

 with short barks of this sort, meanwhile "threatening" by open- 

 ing their mouths. 



Since they live immersed in an acoustic world quite strange to 

 us, we have great difficulty in appreciating the full life of these 

 animals with respect to one another and their environment. 

 From birth they are constantly bombarded with signals from the 

 other animals of the same species and by echoes from the envi- 

 ronment which they can apparently use very efficiently. Their 

 ultrasonic (to us) emissions are not merely "sonar," but are inter- 

 personal and even emotional. These animals are not inanimate, 

 cold pieces of sonar apparatus. They use their ultrasounds and 

 their high-pitched sounds interpersonally with fervor in every- 

 thing they do.'" 



We have demonstrated that the dolphins are quite capable of 

 using vocal outputs as a demand for further rewards or for 

 surcease from punishment. Their ability in the vocal sphere is 

 quite sophisticated. In addition to the ultrasonic matters men- 

 tioned above, their sonic performance, when in close contact 

 with man, is astonishing. In 1957 I discovered their ability to 

 produce sounds similar to our speech sounds.'" During the last 

 two years we have had many opportunities to pursue further 

 observations in this area. This emerging ability seems to be an 

 adaptation to a new environment which includes Man." They 

 quickly discover that they can obtain various kinds of rewards 

 by making what we now call "humanoid emissions." When 

 they make a sound which sounds similar to a human syllable or 

 word, we express our pleasure by rewarding the animals in 

 various ways. We have been exploring what some of these re- 

 wards are in order to elicit further such behavior under better 

 control. 



44 



