We demonstrated that, like other animals, the monkey, the 

 rat, etc., these animals can be rewarded by stimulating the 

 proper places in their brains." '" In a recent series of experiments 

 we have been establishing the controls necessary to understand- 

 ing what brain rewards mean in terms of natural physiology. 

 We have demonstrated quite formally that rubbing the skin of 

 these animals with our hands is a rewarding experience to them; 

 they will seek it vocally and by body gestures and give certain 

 kinds of performance in order to obtain this reward. 



Recently we have found that "vocal transactions" are a reward 

 to these animals.'' (See below for human analogies in the 

 child.) This seems to be one of the basic factors in our being able 

 to elicit humanoid emissions. The vocal transactions are started 

 by a human shouting some words over the water of the tank in 

 which the animal is residing. A single word may be used or 

 many words — it makes little difference. Eventually the animal 

 in the tank will raise his blowhole out of water and make some 

 sort of a humanoid emission or whistle or clicks in a delphinese 

 fashion. If the human immediately replies with some word or 

 words, the animal may immediately respond, the human 

 answers, and a vocal transaction is under way. We have shown 

 that dolphins naturally do this with one another in both their 

 whistle and clicking spheres, and sometimes do it in the barking 

 sphere." How much of this is "instinctual" and how much is not, 

 there is no way of knowing at the present time. 



A physical analysis of such vocal transactions shows them to 

 be formally quite as complex as the vocal transactions between 

 human beings. In other words, the dolphin may say one word 

 or a syllable-like emission, or many, one right after the other, as 

 may the humans. If the human says one word, the dolphin may 

 say one, two, three, or four, and if the human says one, two, 

 three, or four, the dolphin may say one. There is no necessary 

 master-slave kind of relationship in the delphinic emissions. 



In our early reports we gave examples which were single 



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