SOURCES OF ENERGY IN ANAEROBIOSIS 185 



50 per cent of the dry weight in some tapeworms and 

 roundworms — is suggestive. Further quantitative data 

 on the polysaccharide content of a variety of nematodes, 

 trematodes, cestodes and acanthocephala will be found 

 in the papers of Weinland (1900), Schimmelpfennig 

 (1903), Flury (1912), Flossner (1924, 1925), Flury and 

 Leeb (1926), Toryu (1933), Smorodincev and Bebesin 

 (1936), Wardle (1937a), von Brand and Otto (1938), 

 Salisbury and Anderson (1939), Markov (1939), von 

 Brand (1940), von Brand and Simpson (1944). Qualita- 

 tive data gathered by staining methods are presented by 

 Brault and Loeper (1904, 1904a), Busch (1905), von 

 Kemnitz (1912), Ortner-Schonbach (1913), Martini 

 (1916), Coutelen (1931), Giovannola (1935, 1936) and Mil- 

 ler (1943). 



One can expect that the predominance of the glycogen 

 metabolism will be less pronounced in stages that have 

 free access to oxygen than, for example, in intestinal 

 worms. Micro-filariae which live in the blood stream 

 seem not to store any glycogen (Brault and Loeper, 

 1904a). In the free-living larval stages of various nem- 

 atodes small to moderate amounts of this polysaccharide 

 are encountered ( Stepanow-Grigoriew and Hoeppli, 

 1926; Giovannola, 1936). A marked glycogen accumula- 

 tion is reported in the Parascaris egg (Faure-Fremiet, 

 1912 and 1913; Szwejkowska, 1929; Wottge, 1937) and it 

 seems quite certain that at least in the period from fer- 

 tilization till after the formation of the second polar 

 body relatively large amounts of carbohydrate are used 

 for energy production ; but it is doubtful whether anaero- 

 bic processes occur when the eggs are kept in oxygen- 

 ated surroundings. Dyrdowska (1931) kept the eggs 

 under anaerobic conditions and found, by means of stain- 

 ing methods, only a slight glycogen diminution. 



That free-living worms, like leeches, which normally 

 have a predominant protein metabolism, should shift to 



