144 HANDBOOK OF PROTOZOOLOGY 



Leptomonas ctenocephali Fantham (Fig. 51, g, h). In the 

 hindgut of the dog flea, Ctenocephalns canis. Widely distri- 

 buted. 



Genus Phytomonas Donovan. Morphologically similar to 

 Leptomonas (Fig. 47), but it occurs in both plants and inver- 

 tebrates. In the latex of the plants belonging to the families: 

 Euphorbiaceae, Asclepiadaceae, Apocynaceae, Sapotaceae and 

 Utricaceae. Transmitted by hemipterous insects. The organ- 

 ism is often found in enormous numbers in localized areas in the 

 host plant. The infection spreads from part to part. The in- 

 fected latex is a clear fluid, owing to the absence of starch grains 

 and other particles, and this results in the degeneration of the 

 infected part of the plant. Several species. 



Phytomonas davidi (Lafront). Body about 15 to 20 microns 

 long by about 1.5 microns broad. The posterior portion of 

 the body is often twisted two or three times. Multiplication 

 by longitudinal fission. Widely distributed. In various species 

 of Euphorbia. 



Phytomonas elmassiani (Migone) (Fig. 51, i,j). In various 

 species of milkweeds. Length 9 to 20 microns. Suspected trans- 

 mitter, Oncopeltus fasciatns, according to Holmes. In South 

 and North America. 



Genus Herpetomonas Kent. Ill-defined genus (Fig. 47). 

 Exclusively invertebrate parasites. Trypanosoma, Crithidia, 

 Leptomonas and Leishmania forms occur during development. 

 Several species. 



Herpetomonas muscanun (Leidy) (= H. muscae-domesticae 

 (Burnett)) (Fig. 51, k). In the gut of flies, belonging to the 

 genera Musca, Calliphora, Sarcophaga, Lucilia, Phormia, etc. 



Herpetomonas drosophilae (Chatton and Alilaire) (Fig. 51, 

 l-n). In the intestine of Drosophila confusa. 



Genus Leishmania Ross. All parasitic in vertebrate and 

 invertebrate hosts, the latter not having been actually demon- 

 strated, but suspected. Non-flagellate and flagellate forms 

 occur (Fig. 47). Body very minute. In the vertebrate host the 

 organism is not flagellated. Body spherical or ovoid, with a 

 definite pellicle. With an eccentric nucleus and a blepharo- 

 plast. The body measures from 2 to 5 microns in diameter. 

 The organism attacks endothelial cells of blood capillaries and 



