CHAPTER XXVII 



SUBPHYLUM 2 CILIOPHORA DOFLEIN 



THE CILIOPHORA possess cilia which serve as cell-organs of 

 locomotion and food-capture. In Suctoria the cilia are 

 absent in the adult stage, but always present during the de- 

 velopmental stages. The members of this subphylum possess a 

 unique organization not seen in the Plasmodroma. Except a 

 small group (Protociliata), the Ciliophora contain two kinds 

 of nuclei, the macronucleus and the micronucleus. The former 

 is large and massive, and controls the metabolic activities of the 

 organism, while the latter is minute and usually vesicular or less 

 compact, and is concerned with the reproductive processes. 

 Nutrition is holozoic or parasitic. Sexual reproduction is mainly 

 by conjugation. Asexual reproduction is by binary fission or 

 budding. The majority are free-living and free-swimming, 

 while the Suctoria are ordinarily attached forms. A number of 

 parasitic forms occur also within this group. 



The Ciliophora are ordinarily subdivided into two classes: 



Cilia present throughout trophic life Class 1 Ciliata 



Adult with tentacles; cilia only while young Class 2 Suctoria 



CLASS 1 CILIATA BUTSCHLI 



The class Ciliata includes Protozoa of various habitats and 

 body structures. All members possess cilia or cirri during the 

 trophic stage of life. They inhabit all sorts of fresh and salt 

 water bodies by free-swimming, creeping, or being attached to 

 other objects. Some are parasitic in animals. Free-swimming 

 forms are usually spherical to elliptical, while the creeping 

 forms are, as a rule, dorso-ventrally flattened. 



The cilia are extremely fine and comparatively short, and 

 are arranged in rows. In some forms they diminish in number 

 and are replaced by cirri. The cilia are primarily the organelles 

 of locomotion, but secondarily through their movements bring 

 the food matter into the cytostome. The food of Ciliata consists 



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