ENDOCRINOLOGY OF CRUSTACEANS 193 



No convincing evidence has been presented for the maintenance in 

 crustaceans of secondary sex characters by hormones from the gonads, 

 although it has been indicated that the cement glands of the female cray- 

 fish may be regulated by nonovarian hormones. Two apparent sources 

 of gonadotropic hormones have been described : one originating in the 

 sinus gland is inhibitory, since removal of the sinus glands leads to hyper- 

 trophy of the ovary; the other, whose specific function is less certain, 

 originates in the Y-organ ; removal of the Y-organ in sexually immature 

 Carcinides results in degenerative changes in the ovaries and testes, but 

 removal in mature animals has no observable effect. 



A few studies are described where endocrine factors have been proposed 

 for secondary sex characters in gastropod mollusks, and as part of a 

 gametokinetic reflex in tunicates, 



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