THE DEMONSTRATION OF NON-SPECIFIC COM- 

 PONENTS IN SALMONELLA PARATYPHI A 

 BY INDUCED VARIATION 1 



D. W. BRUNER and P. R. EDWARDS 



Department of Animal Pathology, Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station, 

 Lexington, Kentucky 



Received for publication February 21, 1941 



Phases induced by growth in immune serum have been demon- 

 strated in a number of enteric bacilli. Kauffmann (1936) found 

 a second phase in Eberthella typhosa after the organism was cul- 

 tivated in agglutinating serum derived from the Muenchen type. 

 While Kauffmann found this variant to be irreversible, Edwards 

 and Bruner (1939) reverted similar forms to the original phase by 

 cultivation in serum derived from the variants. Induced phases 

 were described by Kauffmann and Tesdal (1937) in the Schleiss- 

 heim type and by Gard (1938) in Salmonella abortus-canis. Both 

 the latter types are monophasic under ordinary conditions of 

 culture. Gnosspelius (1939) induced variants with altered flagel- 

 lar antigens in the naturally diphasic types Stanley and Hvitting- 

 foss. These forms also were irreversible even when cultivated 

 in homologous immune serums. It is significant that all the 

 phases described above were "artificial" phases; that is, they pos- 

 sessed no antigenic relationships to the naturally occurring anti- 

 gens of the genus Salmonella. 



The cultivation of Salmonella strains in immune serum does 

 not always lead to the isolation of artificial phases, as witness 

 the results obtained in the study of the "totally and permanently 

 non-specific" Salmonella types. Thus, through cultivation in 

 immune serum, Scott (1926) isolated a specific phase from a non- 

 specific culture of the Thompson type and Gard isolated specific 



1 The investigation reported in this paper is in connection with a project of 

 the Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station and is published by permission 

 of the Director. 



467 



[Reprinted by permission of The Williams & Wilkins Company from Journal of Bacteri- 

 ology 42: (4) 467-478, October, 1941] 



IO4 



