CONTENTS Xiii 



IV. Waxes, Higher Alcohols Including Sterols, Triterpenes, Glyceryl 



Others, Colored Fats, and Hydrocarbons 395 



^- ^^^"^ 305 



(1) Composition of True Waxes 30g 



a. Aliphatic Alcohols oqa 



(a) Distribution qqq 



(b) Methods of Synthesis 3J2 



(c) Properties of Alcohols 32^ 



(d) Chemical Reactions of Alcohols 3I8 



b. Sterols „^q 



(a) History of Sterols 32o 



(b) Classification of Sterols 32i 



(c) Structure and General Properties of the Sterols . 321 



(d) Occurrence and Properties of Individual Zoosterols. .... 325 

 a'. Cholesterol ooc 



(1') Distribution of Cholesterol 325 



(2') Physical Properties of Cholesterol 328 



(3') Chemical Properties of Cholesterol 332 



b'. 7-Dehydrocholesterol 342 



c'. Dihydrocholesterol 343 



d'. Coprosterol 344 



e'. Ostreasterol . . . oAa 



, ^, ,. o4d 



I . Chahnasterol . ... oAa 



, o4o 



g . Isocholesterol 34g 



h'. Other Zoosterols 347 



(e) Occurrence and Properties of Phytosterols 343 



a'. Sitosterols 040 



b'. Stigmasterol 3^2 



c'. Brassicasterol 3^3 



d'. Spinasterol 3C4 



e'. Campesterol 3rr 



f . Dihydrositosterol 355 



(f) Occurrence and Properties of Mycosterols 355 



a'. Ergosterol 3^^ 



b'. Dihydroergosterol 359 



c'. Fucosterol 3gQ 



d'. Zymosterol 3gj 



c. Fatty Acids oci 



d. Esters in Natural Waxes 3Q3 



(2) Properties of Natural Waxes 353 



(3) Description of Natural Waxes 354 



a. Natural Waxes of Insect Origin 364 



(a) Waxes from Apidae 3g4 



a'. Beeswax 3g4 



b'. Ghedda Wax 3g5 



(b) Waxes from Melipona or Trigona 3g5 



(c) Humble Bee Wax 3g7 



(d) Waxes from Coccidae 3g7 



a'. Chinese Insect Wax 3g7 



b'. Shellac Wax 3gg 



b. Natural Waxes from Animals 3gg 



