HYDROCARBOX CAROTEXOIDS OF THE C40 SERIES 523 



Table 2 

 Fruits from Which |8-Carotene Has Been Prepared 



Systematic name Common name Ref. 



Arbutus uncdo 



Capsicum frutescens jap. (skins) 



Capsicum frutescens {annuum L.) 



CitruUus vulgaris Schrad. 



Citr\is aurantium Risso 



Citrus madureiisis 



Citrjts poonensis hort. 



ConvaUaria majalis 



Cucurbila maxima Duch. (fruit pulp) 



Diospyros costata (fruit) 



Gonocaryum pyriforme (shells) 



Mangifera indica (fruit) 



Sorbus aucuparia (berries) 



Prunus armeniaca 



Rosa canina, R. damascena, R. eglanteria 



(rubiginosa) (hips) 

 Lycopersicon esculentum 

 Tax us baccata 



" K. Schon, Biochem. J., 29, 1779-1785 (1935). 



* L. Zechmeister and L. v. Cholnokv, Ann., 480, 1-6 (1931). 



' L. Zechmeister and L. v. Cholnokv, An7i., 455, 70-81 (1927); 509, 269-287 (1934). 

 •^ L. Zechmeister and P. Tuzson, Ber., 63, 2881-2883 (1930). 

 « L. Zechmeister and P. Tuzson, Z. physiol. Chem., 221, 278-280 (1933). 

 •'■R. Yamamoto and S. Tin, /. Agr. Chem.. Soc. Japan, 9, 642-645 (1933); Chem. 

 Ahst., 27, 5097 (1933). 



" A. \^■interstein and U. Ehrenberg, Z. physiol. Chem., 207, 25-34 (1932). 

 '' H. Suginone and K. Ueno, Bull. Chem. Soc. Japan, 6, 221-228 (1931). 

 •■ L. Zechmeister and P. Tuzson, Ber., 67, 824-829 (1934). 

 ' A. Winterstein, Z. physiol. Chem., 215, 51-58 (1933); 219, 249-252 (1933). 



* R. Yamamoto, Y. Oshima, and T. (Joma, Sci. Papers Inst. Phys. Chem. Research 

 Toki/o, 19, 122-126 (1932). 



' R. Kuhn and E. Lederer, Ber., 64, 1349-1357 (1931). 



"■ H. Brockmann, Z. physiol. Chem., 216, 45-48 (1933). 



" R. Kuhn and C. Grundmann, Ber., 67, 339-344 (1934). 



» R. Willstatter and H. H. Escher, Z. physiol. Chem., 64, 47-61 (1910). 



p R. Kuhn and H. Brockmann, Ber., 66, 828-841 (1933). 



chief polyene, accounting for over 90% of the total carotenoids.^^^-"^ 

 Cryptoxanthin is present in com, but carotenes are not generally present 

 in the cereals. Although earlier workers ^^^'^^^ had considered carotene to 

 be the chief fat-soluble pigment of wheat flour, Zechmeister and Cholnoky^^^ 

 demonstrated by the application of chromatography that less than 0.01 mg. 

 of carotene was present per kilogram, "if, in fact, any at all was found." 

 Definite quantities of xanthophyll (lutein) were isolated; the above au- 

 thors succeeded in preparing 15 mg. of pure crystals from 60 kg. of flour. 



»" L. Zechmeister and P. Tuzson, Ber., 63, 2881-2883 (1930). 

 "8 L. Zechmeister and A. Polgdr, J. Biol. Chem., 139, 193-198 (1941). 

 "9 J. A. Wesener and G. L. Teller, /. Ind. Eng. Chem., 3, 912-919 (1911). 

 1=0 G. W. Monier- Williams, Report of the Local Government Board on Public Health 

 and Medical Subjects, N.S., No. 73, 1-10, London (1912). 



»" L. Zechmeister and L. v. Cholnokv, J. Biol. Chem., 135, 31-36 (1940). 



