I'lIWSlOLOCiV 



i:il 



ami slower C(^-.> exctjution) aiul a iiiji;luM- cell 

 (irv \v(Mu;lit in tiu- initial staji.^ of iirowth than 

 (lid the low-yirldinu; sli-ains. 1 1 i^li-yicldiiiii 

 strains showrd actixc production ol' x'olatilc 

 nitroiicn conipounds dui-inij; the first day, 

 follow (h1 hy a chu'reasc duriiiii; tlu> next lew 

 days wluMi stn^ptoniycin production was at 

 its hijihcst, and then hy a slow reappearance 

 of the nitrogen compounds dui'ini;' autolysis. 

 In low-streptoniycin-yieldinjj; sti'ains, release 

 of nitroi^en compounds durinj;- autolysis was 

 more pronounced. Added phosphate reduced 

 strc'ptomycin yields. Added calcium in- 

 creased the yield, probal)ly because of the 

 formation of insoluble phosphates. 



Typical fermentation diaji;rams were pre- 

 l)ared by Perlman and ^^'agman. The pH 

 curve for fermentations in glucose-contain- 

 ing media was typical not only of S. griseus, 

 but also of most species of Strcptotyiyccs. 

 Addition of extra phosphate to the medium 

 depressed streptomycin production and at 

 the same time increased the rate of sugar 

 consumption. 



Bifh ct al. found that addition of small 

 amounts of phosphate to the medium results 

 in increasing consumption by the strepto- 

 myces of sucrose and the accumulation of 

 pyruvic acid. In the first stage of growth 



there is an increase in desoxyribonucleic 

 acid synthesis. Thei'c is also a delay in 

 protein decrease on addition of phosphate; 

 this is accompanied l)_\- a lower antibiotic 

 (chlortetracvclin(>) yield. 



Cochrane and i*eck (11)52) ha\-e shown 

 that whole cells of S. curlicolor oxidized some 

 compounds of the ti'icarboxylic acid cycle. 

 The cells failed, however, to metabolize 

 citrate and rt-ketoglutarate. Cell-free prep- 

 arations oxidized glucose (in presence of 

 adenosiiH' triphosphate), citrate, a-keto- 

 glutarate, succinat(% fumarate, and malate; 

 they also decarboxylated oxalacetate. Se- 

 lected reactions or groups of reactions found 

 to be catalyzed by cell-free extracts included 

 the oxidation of citrate to a-ketoglutarate, 

 the conversion of malate to pyruvate, and 

 the condensation of malate and acetate (or 

 pyruvate) to citrate. The effects of diphos- 

 phopyridine nucleotide on malate and 

 fumarate oxidation and of malonate on the 

 oxidation of a-k(^t()glutarate were consistent 

 with the operation of a tricarboxylic acid 

 cycle. 



Metabolism of Anaerobic Actinomycetes 



Anaerobic actinomycetes show only rela- 

 ti^'elv limited growth and biochemical ac- 



FiGURE 63. Changes in nitrof^on-componcnts of mediiun durinf^ {growth of S. venezuelae (Reproduced 

 from: (iottlieb, D. and Legator, M. Mycologia i.): 512, 1953). 



