204 THE ACTINOMYCETES, Vol. I 



Table 50 

 Classification of pigmenled antibiotics of actinomycetes (Benedict) 



I. Yellow to greenish yellow to orange. 



1. Low solubility in water, insoluble in ether, soluble in other organic solvents. 



a. Golden yellow base, C22H2:iN20,.,Cl, low toxicity, active against bacteria and larger viruses. 



Chlortetracycline 



b. Yellow ainphotoric compound, C22H24N2O9 , low to.\icit.\-, active against bacteria and viruses. 



( )x3'tetracycline 

 e. Circenish yellow weakly basic, C:ioH34N404 , stronglj- antifungal. 



F'radicin 



2. Insoluble in water, slightly soluble in ether, soluble in other organic solvents. 



a. Yellowish substance, active against yeasts and filamentous fungi. 



Actinone 



b. (Jolden yellow compound, C9H10N2O2S2 . 



Aureothricin 



c. Brilliant yellow neutral comjjound, C8H8N2O2S2 , active against various bacteria and fungi. 



Thiolutin 



d. Orange yellow, C14H12N4O4S4 . 



Thioaurin 



e. Yellowish orange basic substances, C.-)iHs6N408-3HCl (A), highly active and extremely toxic. 



Xanthomycins A and B 



f. Saffron-yellow weakly acidic, C23H18O6 , active against gram-positive bacteria. 



Resistomycin 



3. Soluble in water and in organic solvents other than ether. 



a. Yellowish orange, active against various bacteria. 



Luteomycin 



b. Yellowish green neutral, active against gram-positive Ijacteria. 



Actinomyceline 



c. Yellowish weakly acidic; active against yeasts and filamentous fungi. 



Flavacid 



4. Insoluble in water and ether, soluble in other organic solvents. 



a. Yellow acid substance, acid stable, active against gram-positive bacteria. 



Griseolutein 

 1). Yellow substance; antifungal and trichomonadicidal. 



Trichomycin 

 II. Yellowish red to dark red, blue and purple. With the exception of grisein and the microcins, all are 

 primarily active against gram-positive bacteria. 



1. Practically insoluble in water, slightly soluble in ether, and soluble in other organic solvents. 



a. Red cyclic peptides, C40-41H56-57N7.8O11, very toxic 



Actinomycins 



b. Strongly resembling actinomycin, possil)ly identical. 



Actinoflavins 



2. Acid-base indicators, changing From red to blue 



a. Non-nitrogen-containing ((uinone, C28H2oGi(, , alkali-solultlo, ether-insolul)le. 



Act inorhodin 



b. Anthrocyanin-likc pigment, s()lul)l(' in \\ater and ether. 



Lit niocidin 



c. Low nitrogen-containing compound; red form, water-insolul)le, ether-soluble. 



T?hodomycet in 



d. .'Vinplioteric suhsl it utcd (juinones, low water sohil)ility. 



Kliodomycins .\ and 1? 



e. Reddish i)uri)h' pigment. 



Co(>lici)h)rin 



3. Red color due to m metallic eh'meiit 



a. Weak acid, containing iron and amino acids, C4uH6iNio02oSFe, soluble in water and phenol. 



Grisein 



