CArSATIOX OF AXIMAL DISEASES 



257 



Figure 101: My(( iumi 

 Hyg. p. 2, June 15, 1927). 



dis (Reproduced from: Pijper, A. and Pullinger, 13. 1). J. Trop. Med. 



Actino?ny costs 



An extensive literature has accumulated, 

 since the early work of Bollinger and Harz, 

 on the etiology of actinomycosis. Among the 

 more recent in^•estigations are the work of 

 Chiarolanza (1910), Harbitz and Grondahl 

 (1911), Klinger (1912, 1921), Galh-Vallerio 

 (1912), Lignieres and Spitz (1924), Magnus- 

 son (1928), Feit (1928), Xaeslund (1929), 

 Lord (1933), Grooten (1934), Lord and 

 Trevatt (1936), Mohler and Shahan (1937), 

 Lentze (1938, 1948), Emmons (1937), Cope 

 (1938), Gins and Paasch (1940), Davis 

 (1941), Slack (1942), Thompson (1950), 

 Gonzalez-Ochoa and Sandoval (1955), and 

 many others dealing especially with the oc- 

 currence of actinomycetes in connection 

 with special infections. 



Actinomycosis in animals was discussed 

 by Lord (1910), Sforza (1940), and various 

 others. The use of animals as diagnostic aids 

 for the identification of A. bovis has been dis- 

 cussed by JMej^er and Verges (1950). 



In general, from a historical point of view, 

 our concepts of the nature of the organisms 

 that cause actinomycotic infections in men 

 and in animals are closely related to the de- 

 velopment of our concept of actinomycetes 

 in general. The animal pathogen Actinomyces 

 bovis has contributed the name "actinomy- 

 cetes" to the whole group of these organisms, 

 "Actinomycetales" to the taxonomic order, 

 and "actinomycosis" to the major disease. A 

 very extensive literature has accumulated 

 on the pathogenic nature of actinomycosis; 

 the identity of the specific agent has been 

 the subject of much speculation. 



