CONTENTS XX111 



VI. The Occurrence of Lipids in the Animal as a Whole {continued) 



(i) Fatty Livers Resulting from the Ingestion of Alcohol 687 



(j ) Fatty Livers Resulting from Irradiation 687 



(k) Miscellaneous Lipotropic Factors 687 



(1) Summary of Factors Related to Fatty Livers 600 



(1. The Effect of Fatty Livers on the Functioning of the Liver 690 



(a) Metabolic Changes Occurring in Animals Having Fatty Livers 



Produced by Hepatic Poisons (>90 



(b) Metabolic Changes Resulting from Dietary Fatty Livers. . . 691 



a'. Hypolipemia 691 



!>'. The Production and Composition of Bile 6(11 



c'. Ketonemia and Ketonuria 693 



d'. Effect on Glucose Tolerance Tests 695 



e'. Effect on the Transformation of Sorbitol to Glucose 696 



f. Effect on Uric Acid Oxidation 696 



g'. Choline Synthesis and Destruction in the Liver 696 



h'. Liver Function Tests 697 



(3) Abnormal Deposition of Essential Lipids (Lipidoses) 697 



a. Xanthomatoses 697 



(a) Primary Xanthomatosis 698 



(b) Secondary Xanthomatosis 698 



(c) Localized Xanthoma Formation in Inflamed Tissue and in 



True Tumors 699 



b. Niemann-Pick's Disease (Recticular and Histiocytic Sphingomye- 



linosis) 699 



c. Tay-Sachs' Disease (Amaurotic Idiocy, Juvenile Type) 701 



d. Gaucher's Disease (Reticular and Histiocytic Cerebrosidosis). . . 702 



(4) Atheroma in Arteriosclerosis 705 



VII. Lipid Distribution in Specific Tissues and in Their Secretions 707 



1. Introduction 707 



2. Lipids Present in the Liver 707 



(1 ) The Lipid Composition of Normal Liver 709 



a. Fatty Acids Present in the Liver 709 



b. Phospholipids in the Liver 710 



c. Plasmalogens in the Liver 711 



d. Lipoprotein in the Liver 712 



e. Free Fatty Acids in the Liver 712 



f. Unsaponifiable Components Present in the Liver 712 



(a) Cholesterol and the Sterols 712 



(b) Hydrocarbons 713 



(c) Glyceryl Ethers 714 



(2) Physiologic Factors Altering the Lipid Composition of Normal 



Livers 715 



a. The Effect of Age on Liver Lipids 715 



b. The Effect of Sex on Liver Lipids 716 



c. The Effect of Fasting on Liver Lipids 716 



(a) Fat Turnover in the Liver 717 



