626 VI. OCCURRENCE OF LIPIDS IN THE ANIMAL 



the obesity was attributed to hypopituitarism. Over a number of years, it 

 has been generally accepted that the so-called "Frohlich's syndrome" re- 

 sults from dysfunction of the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland. Three 

 years after the original report of Frohlich, Erdheim 511 expressed the opinion 

 that the syndrome resulted, not from a change in the function of the hy- 

 pophysis, but rather from the effect of the tumor on the region of the base of 

 the brain. The classical controversy of the two opposing viewpoints has 

 continued until recently. It has now apparently been resolved by Hether- 

 ington and Ranson, 512 and also by Hetherington alone. 513 Thus, it was 

 shown that hypothalamic lesions produced obesity in rats, irrespective of 

 whether the anterior lobe of the pituitary was present or had been re- 

 moved. 512 Moreover, it was shown that no amount of pituitary disorder 

 could cause obesity, provided that the hypothalamus remained intact. 513 

 In fact, in 1940, Frohlich 514 stated his conviction that he had been wrong, 

 in 1901, 510 in ascribing the cause of the defect to the pituitary body rather 

 than to the hypothalamus. 



According to Brobeck, 380 the obesity resulting from injury to the hypo- 

 thalamus can be experimentally produced in a number of species by several 

 procedures. In the monkey, dog, cat, and rat, it has been induced either 

 by surgical means or electrolytically by the use of the Horsley-Clarke stereo- 

 taxic instrument. Prior to 1940, hypothalamic obesity had been produced 

 in only one or perhaps two dogs. 515,516 Hetherington and Ranson 376,517 ob- 

 served this condition in the rat following the use of the Horsley-Clarke 

 stereotaxic instrument modified for the rat by Clark. 518 The pioneer ex- 

 periments of Hetherington were confirmed for the rat by Brobeck, Tepper- 

 man, and Long, 379 and by Brooks and associates, 519,520 for the cat by Wheat- 

 ley 521 and by Ingram, 522 and finally for the monkey by Brooks et al. 52Z and 



611 J. Erdheim, Sitzber. Akad. Wiss. Wien., Math.-naturw. Klasse, Abt. Ill, 113, 537- 

 726 (1904). 



512 A. W. Hetherington and S. W. Ranson, Endocrinology, 81, 30-34 (1942). 



813 A. W. Hetherington, Am. J. Phijsiol., 140, 89-92 (1943). 



514 A. Frohlich, discussion following paper by P. Bailey, Research Pubis. Assoc. Re- 

 search Nervous Menial Disease, 20, 713-724 (1940). 



518 P. Bailey and F. Bremer, Endocrinology, 5, 761-762 (1921). 



816 P. Bailey and F. Bremer, Arch. Internal Med., 28, 773-803 (1921). 



817 A. W. Hetherington and S. W. Ranson, Proc. Soc. Exptl. Biol. Med., 41, 465-466 

 (1939). 



818 G. Clark, Science, 90, 92 (1939). 



819 C. Mc C. Brooks, R. A. Lockwood, and M. L. Wiggins, Federation Proc, 4, 9 

 (1945). 



820 C. Mc C. Brooks, Federation Proc, 5, 12 (1946). 



821 M. D. Wheatley, Arch. Neurol. Psychiat., 52, 296-316 (1944). 



822 W. R. Ingram, 1945, personal communication to J. R. Brobeck, Physiol. Revs., 26, 

 541-559 (1946), pp. 543, 546, 549. 



823 C. Mc C. Brooks, E. F. Lambert, and P. Bard, Federation Proc, 1, 11 (1942). 



