LIPID STORAGE UNDER ABNORMAL CONDITIONS 641 



firmed by Best in collaboration with Channon. 663 It was found that, when 

 fatty livers were developed by the administration of a diet high in choles- 

 terol, large doses of choline were required to prevent the fatty infiltra- 

 tion. 370,556,578-580 Moreover, although choline was able to prevent the accu- 

 mulation of glycerides in such livers, 578 it was not possible to prevent the 

 storage of cholesterol esters in this organ. When choline was given to rats 

 which had developed fatty livers as a result of a high-cholesterol diet, the 

 triglyceride fraction of the liver was rapidly decreased, while the cholesterol 

 esters were only slowly affected. 556580 



Junkersdorf and Kohl 581 reported indirectly that, in the physiologic type 

 of fatty livers occurring after fasting, the fatty infiltration receded following 

 the eleventh day of fasting when choline was given. However, in the rat, 

 which is much more resistant to the development of fatty livers on fasting 

 than is the dog, Best 582 was unable to demonstrate any positive action on 

 the part of choline in reducing liver lipids. Moreover, Best and Ridout 583 

 found that, in the rabbit, guinea pig, or mouse, choline was likewise ineffec- 

 tive in preventing the development of fatty livers as a result of starvation. 



Best and co-workers 584 found that, when the fatty infiltration of the liver 

 was produced by the administration of a toxic substance such as phos- 

 phorus, choline did not inhibit the infiltration of fat or the ensuing degenera- 

 tive changes in that organ. However, after recovery, choline was shown 

 to increase the rate of removal of lipid from the liver. This result was con- 

 firmed by Laszt and Verzar. 585 In the case of the hepatotoxic agent, car- 

 bon tetrachloride, Barrett et al. 5S6 reported that large doses of choline were 

 able to inhibit fatty infiltration of the liver, although small doses were in- 

 effective. In other work, Barrett, Best, and Ridout 432 were able to trace to 

 the tissue depots the fat which reached the liver after carbon tetrachloride 

 poisoning. 



The ineffectiveness of choline in preventing fatty infiltration of the liver 

 in rabbits, after the administration of the "ketogenic" hormone from the 

 anterior lobe of the pituitary, has been reported. 587 MacKay and Barnes 588 



678 H. J. Channon and H. Wilkinson, Biochem. J., 28, 2026-2033 (1934). 



679 C. H. Best and J. H. Ridout, J. Physiol, 78, 415-418 (1933). 



580 C. H. Best and J. H. Ridout, J. Physiol, 86, 343-352 (1936). 



581 P. Junkersdorf and A. Kohl, Arch. ges. Physiol. (Pfliiger's), 211, 612-635 (1926). 



582 C. H. Best, Lancet, 226, 1274-1277 (1934). 



683 C. H. Best and J. H. Ridout, J. Physiol, 94, 47-66 (1938). 



684 C. H. Best, D. L. MacLean, and J. H Ridout, /. Physiol, 83, 275-284 (1935). 

 586 L. Laszt and F. Verzar, Biochem. Z., 285, 356-367 (1936). 



586 H. M. Barrett, C. H. Best, D. L. MacLean, and J. H. Ridout, /. Physiol, 97, 103- 

 106(1939). 



587 B. Mukerji and R. C. Guha, Indian J. Med. Research, 26, 295-302 (1938). 



888 E. M. MacKay and R. H. Barnes, Proc. Soc. Exptl Biol Med., 38, 803-805 (1938). 



