LIPID STORAGE UNDER ABNORMAL CONDITIONS 



661 



Table 23 

 The Lipotropic Activity of Compounds Related to Choline 



Compound Formula Ref. 



Positive lipotropic activity 



Arsenocholine chloride (CH 3 ) 3 As +CH 2 CH 2 0H(C1) - b,c 



Betaine (CH 3 ) 3 N+CH 2 CO c,d 



o- 



Betaine aldehyde chloride (CH 3 ) 3 N+CH 2 CH0(C1)- b 



Betaine aldehyde acetal chloride (CH 3 ) 3 N + CH,CH(0C 2 H 5 ) 2 (C1)- b 



Calcium phosphorylcholine chloride. . . [(CH 3 ) 3 N+CH 2 CH 2 OP0 3 ] 2 Ca(Cl); I) 

 Diethylmethylhydroxyethylammonium 



chloride (C 2 H 5 ) 2 CH 3 N + CH 2 CH 2 OH(Cl)- e 



Dimethylethylhydroxyethylammonium 



chloride (CH 3 ) 2 C 2 H 5 N+CH 2 CH 2 OH(Cl) - e 



Homocholine (CH 3 ) 3 N+CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 OH(HCl)- f 



a-Methylbetaine hydrochloride (CH 3 ) 3 N+CH(CH 3 )COO--HCl b 



Phosphocholine chloride (CH 3 ) 3 P+CH 2 CH 2 0H(C1) " 1> 



Triethyl-|8-hydroxyethylaninionium 



hydroxide (C 2 H 5 ) 3 N+CH 2 CH 2 OH(OH)- g,h 



Dimethylaminoethanol (CH 3 ) 2 NCH 2 CH 2 OH i 



No lipotropic activity 



Arsenobetaine hydrochloride (CH 3 ) 3 As + CH 2 COOH(Cl)- b 



Choline methyl ether (CH 3 ) 3 N + CH 2 CH 2 0CH 3 (C1)- j 



/3-Methylcholine chloride (CH 3 ) 3 N+CH.,CII(CII 3 )0H(C1)- b 



0-Methylcholine ethyl ether chloride. . (CH^N+CHoOHCCH.OOCoH^HCl)- b 



Phosphobetaine hydrochloride (CH 3 ) 3 P+CH 2 COO-HCl b 



Tetra-/3-hydroxyethylammonium 



chloride (H0CH 2 CH 2 ) 4 N + (C1)- j 



Trimethylamine oxide hydrochloride . . (CH 3 ) 3 N + _ -HCl 1) 



Trimethylammonium chloride (CH 3 ) 3 N + C1 _ k 



Tripropyl-/3-hydroxyethylammonium 



hydroxide (CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 ) 3 N+CH 2 CH 2 OH(OH)- f 



Toxic compounds 



Tetramethylammonium chloride (CH 3 )4N + (C1)~ k 



Trimethvle thy lammonium chloride. (CH 3 ) 3 (C 2 H 5 )N+(C1)- k 



Trimethylphenylammonium chloride. (CH 3 ) 3 (C 6 H 5 )N + (C1)- k 



° Adapted from E. W. McHenry and J. M. Patterson, Physiol. Revs., 24, 128-167 

 (1944), p. 152. 



6 A. D. Welch and M. S. Welch, Proc. Soc. Exptl. Biol. Med., 39, 7-9 (1938). 



c A. D. Welch, Proc. Soc. Exptl. Biol. Med., 85, 107-108 (1936). 



d C. H. Best and M. E. Huntsman, /. Physiol, 75, 405-412 (1932). 



" A. W. Moyer and V. du Vigneaud, J. Biol. Chem., 148, 373-382 (1942). 



1 H. J. Channon, A. P. Piatt, and J. A. B. Smith, Biochem. J., 31, 1736-1742 (1937). 



" H. J. Channon and J. A. B. Smith, Biochem. J., 80, 115-120 (1936). 



h H. J. Channon, A. P. Piatt, J. V. Loach, and J. A. B. Smith, Biochem. J., 31, 2181- 

 2186(1937). 



' V. du Vigneaud, J. P. Chandler, S. Simmonds, A. W. Moyer, and M. Cohn, J. Biol. 

 Chem., 164, 603-613 (1946). 



' A. P. Piatt, Biochem. J., 33, 505-511 (1939). 



* E. H. Mawson and A. D. Welch, Biochem. J., 30, 417-418 (1936). 



