LIPIDS PRESENT IN LIVER 723 



to 0.80 from a level of 0.86 to 0.94. It contains 0.17 mg. of protein. The 

 ability of the material to reduce the R.Q. and the tendency to produce ke- 

 tonuria run parallel. 



The close interrelationship of the hormones of the adrenal cortex with 

 those of the anterior pituitary gland is shown by the fact that ketonuria is 

 suppressed by adrenalectomy 125,138 ; it has also been demonstrated that this 

 operation prevents the accumulation of fat in the liver. 126 



Further information as to the behavior of the pituitary in regulating fat 

 metabolism can be gleaned from investigations on hypophysectomized 

 animals. The fatty infiltration which normally follows pancreatectomy 

 is not decreased after removal of the pituitary gland. 139 However, fatty 

 livers do not ensue as the result of the toxic effects of carbon tetrachloride 

 or phosphorus on the liver. 140 Peters and Van Slyke 141 suggest that the 

 absence of fat mobilization may be the result of a failure of the hypo- 

 physectomized animals to eat. On the other hand, the hyperlipemia which 

 may follow the injection of pituitary extracts is not changed by pancreatec- 

 tomy. 124 - 142 



An interrelationship exists between the pancreas and the hypophysis. 

 Thus, lipocaic, a preparation made from pancreas, was found by Julian 

 et al. U3 to negate the high liver lipid produced by injection of the anterior 

 pituitary hormone into fasting guinea pigs. They likewise showed that 

 lipocaic prevented the development of fatty livers in depancreatized- 

 hypophysectomized dogs (the so-called Houssay dog). The thyroid 

 gland also influences the action of the pituitary. After removal of both 

 the thyroid and the pituitary glands, a severe fatty infiltration results, 

 with an increase in phospholipids and cholesterol ; this eventually leads to a 

 condition of cirrhosis. 144 



(b) The Effect of Extracts of the Posterior Lobe of the Hypophysis on Liver 

 Lipids. The effects of the extracts of the posterior lobe on liver lipids are 

 more ephemeral than are those of the anterior lobe. Pitressin, which is the 

 pressor principle, appears to be the only hormone in the posterior lobe which 



138 E. M. MacKay and R. H. Barnes, Am. J. Physiol, 118, 184-189 (1937). 



139 I. L. Chaikoff, G. E. Gibbs, G. F. Holton, and F. L. Reichert, Am. J. Physiol, 116, 

 543-550 (1936). 



140 B. v. Issekutz and F. Verza>, Arch. ges. Physiol. (Pfliiger's), 240, 624-635 (1938). 



141 J. P. Peters and D. D. Van Slyke, Quantitative Clinical Chemistry, Vol. I, 2nd ed., 

 Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, 1946. 



142 J. M. Mufioz, Compt. rend. soc. biol, 127, 156-157 (1938). 



143 O. C. Julian, D. E. Clark, J. van Prohaska, C. Vermeulen, and L. R. Dragstedt, 

 Am. J. Physiol, 138, 264-268 (1943). 



144 I. L. Chaikoff, C. Entenman, J. F. Rinehart, and F. L. Reichert, Proc. Soc. Expll. 

 Biol. Med., 54, 170-171 (1943). 



