724 VII. LIPID DISTRIBUTION IN SPECIFIC TISSUES 



influences the fat content of the liver. 113,114 When pitressin is injected into 

 rats, a marked, rapid but transient increase in liver lipids ensues, 146 coinci- 

 dent with a decrease in liver glycogen. 113,114 Since the fatty infiltration is 

 not inhibited by choline, 145 Peters and Van Slyke 141 consider that the lack 

 of carbohydrate in the liver is the contributing factor in bringing about the 

 increase in liver lipid. 



Raab 146 reported the isolation of a substance from both the anterior and 

 the posterior lobes of the pituitary gland, which he called lipoitrin. This is 

 a hormone-like compound which lowers blood fat, decreases ketosis, and 

 simultaneously increases liver fat. Thus, to some extent, the action of this 

 principle is antagonistic to that of the ketogenic hormone. 



(c) The Effect of the Pancreas and of Insulin on Liver Lipids. It is well 

 known that hyperlipemia occurs following pancreatectomy. It has been 

 proved by Gibbs and Chaikoff 147 and by Seo 148 that the liver lipids are also 

 increased. Although the injection of insulin into depancreatized dogs 

 abolishes the attendant ketonemia and ketonuria, 141 as well as the hyper- 

 lipemia, it does not eliminate the high concentration of liver lipids, but 

 rather changes their character. 147 Moreover, insulin does not greatly 

 alter the liver lipid concentration in normal rabbits 149 or dogs, in the pres- 

 ence of adequate glycogen stores. 150 



(d) The Effect of the Adrenal Cortex on Liver Lipids. Although the adreno- 

 cortical hormones are known to have a pronounced effect on carbohydrate 

 metabolism, they also exert an influence on liver lipids. Thus, it has been 

 demonstrated that the ketonuria induced by extracts of the anterior lobe 

 of the hypophysis is suppressed. This is presumably related to the failure 

 of fat mobilization in the liver of adrenalectomized animals as a result of the 

 administration of extracts of the anterior lobe. 125,126 Adrenalectomy also 

 interferes with the normal transfer of fat from the depots to the liver. 151 

 When adrenocortical extracts are injected, the effectiveness of the anterior 

 lobe extracts in inducing fatty infiltration of the liver and in producing 

 ketonuria is restored. Adrenalectomy likewise interferes with the slight 

 fasting ketonuria in rats. 138 The relation of the adrenal cortex to the con- 

 trol of fat metabolism exerted by the sex glands is indicated by the fact 



146 B. Mukerji and H. B. Van Dyke, Chinese J. Physiol, 9, 69-74 (1935). 



146 W. Raab, Klin. Wochschr., 13, 281-285 (1934). 



147 G. E. Gibbs and I. L. Chaikoff, Endocrinology, 29, 877-884, 885-889 (1941). 



148 Y. Seo, Arch, exptl. Pathol. Pharmakol. (Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's), 61, 1-6 (1909). 

 149 1. H. Page, L. Pasternak, and M. L. Burt, Biochem. Z., 231, 113-122 (1931). 



160 H. R. Rony and T. T. Ching, Endocrinology, 14, 355-363 (1930). 



161 L. T. Samuels and R. F. Conant, /. Biol. Chem., 152, 173-179 (1944). 



