440 V. BLOOD LIPIDS 



in patients with hyperthyroidism and a concomitant hypocholesterolemia. 

 Moreover, no correlation was found between the response to therapy and 

 the blood neutral fat, either in myxedema or in thyrotoxicosis. One is 

 led to the conclusion that hyperthyroidism is associated with low values 

 for serum cholesterol, serum phospholipid and to a lesser extent for the 

 serum fatty acids; in hypothyroidism, the values for these components 

 are generally high. When the thyroid secretion is brought back to normal 

 (by partial thyroidectomy in the case of Graves' disease or by the adminis- 

 tration of thyroxine or thyroid in cases of hypofunction of the thyroid 

 gland), then the levels of the several blood lipids tend to assume their 

 normal values. 



(6) Variations Primarily Related to the Anterior Lobe of the Pituitary 

 Gland. It is possible to prepare, from the anterior lobe of the pituitary 

 gland, an extract which will produce a ketonuria in fasted rats and in 

 man. 521 " -528 It has been called a fat metabolic, a ketogenic or a diabeto- 

 genic hormone. Anselmino and Hoffman, 521 ' 522 who were the first to dis- 

 cover the activity of the anterior pituitary extracts in producing ketosis, 

 stated that these extracts resulted in fatty infiltration of the liver, and regu- 

 lated the level of the lipids in the blood. Thyroidectomy does not alter 

 the ketogenic response to anterior pituitary extract or prevent the ketosis 

 resulting from phlorhizin. 526 



Foglia and Mazzocco 525 have shown that hyperlipemia accompanies the 

 ketonuria occurring after the injection of the anterior pituitary preparation. 

 Ketonuria does not occur in fed rats, 529 and it can be abolished by carbo- 

 hydrate. 530,531 The hyperlipemia is not eliminated by pancreatectomy. 525 

 For a further discussion on this type of ketonuria, see Volume III. 



ChaikofT and associates 532 found that hyperlipemia occurred occasionally 

 following hypophysectomy. It was reported that the development of 

 fatty livers following removal of the pancreas was not prevented by com- 



521 F. Hoffman and K. J. Anselmino, Klin. Wochschr., 10, 2383-2386 (1931). 



622 K. J. Anselmino, F. Hoffman, and E. Rhoden, Arch. ges. Physiol. (Pfliiger's), 

 237, 515-516 (1936). 



623 C. H. Best and J. Campbell, J. Physiol, 86, 190-203 (1936). 



624 P. T. Black, J. B. Collip, and D. L. Thomson, J. Physiol, 82, 385-391 (1934). 

 825 V. G. Foglia and P. Mazzocco, Compt. rend. soc. biol, 127, 150-152 (1938). 

 626 E. G. Fry, Endocrinology, 21, 283-291 (1937). 



527 E. M. MacKay and R. H. Barnes, Am. J. Physiol, 118, 525-527 (1937). 



528 A. H. Neufeld and J. B. Collip, Endocrinology, 25, 768-774 (1939). 

 629 R. A. Shipley and C. N. H. Long, Biochem. J., 82, 2242-2256 (1938). 



530 J. S. Butts, C. H. Cutler, and H. J. Deuel, Jr., J. Biol. Chem., 105, 45-58 (1934). 

 631 N. Nelson, I. Grayman, and I. A. Mirsky, J. Biol. Chem., 182, 711-715 (1940). 

 632 1. L. Chaikoff, G. E. Gibbs, G. F. Holton, and F. L. Reichert, Am. J. Physiol, 

 116, 543-550 (1936). 



