FACTORS ALTERING CONCENTRATION OF BLOOD LIPIDS 445 



breakdown in fat metabolism which is not directly connected with the 

 loss of the endocrine function of the pancreas, with the excess of fat, or with 

 the loss of the sugar in the urine. Wide differences in susceptibility to 

 hyperlipemia obtain, both in dogs and in man. On the other hand, Bloor 

 et aZ. 225 link the hyperlipemia with the lack of the internal secretion of the 

 pancreas. 



In addition to precipitating hyperlipemia, the removal of the pancreas 

 produces ketosis and a resultant ketonuria. The ketonemia and ketonuria 

 which result in dogs following pancreatectomy, or after the administration 

 of phlorhizin, disappear when glucose is given intravenously. However, 

 it was not possible to abolish the ketonuria in depancreatized dogs by giving 

 glucose by mouth, presumably because it was not absorbed rapidly enough 

 to build up the prerequisite glycogen in the liver and tissues. 



(a') The Effect of Insulin on the Hyperlipemia. — When depancreatized 

 dogs were maintained over long periods by treatment with insulin, Chaikoff 

 and Kaplan 577 demonstrated a marked fall in hyperlipemia to values which 



Table 15 



Summary of the Average Values (with Ranges) for Blood Lipids 



in Normal and in Depancreatized Dogs Maintained with Insulin" 



The values are expressed in milligram per cent 



Normal Depancreatized 



Category dogs dogs 



Number of dogs 10 10 



Cholesterol 



Total 170 (137-205) 109 ( 96-124) 



Free 129 (104-144) 109 ( 95-127) 



As ester 40(29-66) 1( 0- 7) 



As ester (% of total) 23 ( 19- 33) 1(0-7) 



Total fatty acids 394 (309-439) 266 (216-347) 



Phospholipid 330 (286-391 ) 204 ( 146-263) 



Residual fatty acid 142 ( 85-203) 128 ( 91-171) 



Total lipid 563 (465-644) 374 (315-471) 



Ratios 



Total fatty acids:total lipid 0.70(0.67-0.73) 0.71 (0.67-0.74) 



Total cholesterol : total lipid 0.30(0. 27-0 . 33 ) . 29 (0 . 26-0 . 33 ) 



Phospholipid: total cholesterol 1.9 (1.5-2.5) 1.9 (1.5-2.2) 



• Adapted from I. L. Chaikoff and A. Kaplan, /. Biol. Chem., 106, 267-279 (1934). 



were lower than the preoperation levels. A summary of their results is 

 given in Table 15. 

 The decrease in concentration of the total cholesterol, total fatty acids, 



677 I. L. Chaikoff and A. Kaplan, /. Biol. Chem., 106, 267-279 (1934). ' 



