456 V. BLOOD LIPIDS 



increased both the rate of formation and the rate of turnover of the phos- 

 pholipids. 



Stamler et al. eu reported that, when chicks were given a subcutaneous 

 implantation of 25 mg. of stilbestrol, they developed hyperlipemia fol- 

 lowed by atherosclerosis. When desiccated thyroid powder was also given 

 to the chicks, the hyperlipemia was temporarily suppressed, but after sev- 

 eral weeks both groups of chicks exhibited similar symptoms. Forbes 

 and Petterson 645 reported that the subcutaneous administration of diethyl- 

 stilbestrol to cockerels caused a marked increase in the concentration of 

 the "readily extractable" cholesterol of the plasma, as well as of total chol- 

 esterol and neutral fat. However, the level of both total and "readily 

 extractable" cholesterol was decreased below normal when the diet con- 

 tained 10% of soybean lecithin. 



g. The Blood Lipids in Anemia, (a) The Blood Lipids in Experimental 

 Anemias. When a chronic anemia is produced in rabbits by the daily 

 removal of a portion of the animal's blood, a marked lipemia results. 

 According to Boggs and Morris, 646 the increase in lipid consists largely of 

 the lecithin fraction. When rabbits were fed high-fat diets, the increase 

 in total fatty acids in the plasma amounted to twenty-five times the pre- 

 anemia level; in one case, on a low-fat diet, the increase was about eight 

 times the normal. 647 The fats were shown to be those mobilized from the 

 tissues of the body; the largest proportion was derived from the fat in the 

 skin, while the spleen, brain, kidney, lungs, and adrenal glands contributed 

 in that order. 346 Schmitz and Koch, 648 likewise, reported an increase in 

 lecithin in hemorrhagic anemia in rabbits. The cephalin fraction was also 

 increased to a level which was the optimum for clotting. Several workers 

 have reported that cholesterol increases concomitantly with lecithin, or 

 with general lipemia, in the chronic anemia of rabbits. 647,649-651 In fact, 

 Horiuchi 647 noted an average maximum increase of seven times the original 

 value for lecithin, and 7.2 times the original value for cholesterol, in rabbits 

 with acute anemia and fed a high-fat diet. The comparative values 

 for rabbits having acute anemia but receiving a fat-free diet were 2.5 and 



644 J. Stamler, A. J. Miller, L. Akman, C. Bolene, and L. N. Katz, Circulation, 2, 

 523-529 (1950). 



645 J. C. Forbes and O. Petterson, Proc. Soc. Exptl. Biol. Med., 78, 883-885 (1951). 



646 T. R. Boggs and R. S. Morris, J\ Exptl Med., 11, 553-560 (1909). 



647 Y. Horiuchi, J. Biol. Chem., U, 363-379 (1920). 



648 E. Schmitz and F. Koch, Biochem. Z., 223, 257-277 (1930). 

 "• E. H. Fishberg, /. Biol. Chem., 81, 205-214 (1929). 



650 E. N. Chamberlain and R. L. Corlett, Brit. J. Exptl. Pathol, 18, 299-310 (1932). 

 661 W. R. Bloor, J. Biol. Chem., 49, 201-227 (1921). 



