FACTORS ALTERING CONCENTRATION OF BLOOD LIPIDS 465 



use of thyroid preparations. Moreover, the nephritic type of hyperlipemia 

 differs from that in myxedema by virtue of the high neutral fat content in 

 the blood. 



No increase in blood lipids could be demonstrated in nephrolithiasis, 

 pyelitis, or cystitis, although a moderate hyperlipemia was observed in 

 pyelonephritis. 610 



(c) In Experimental Nephrectomy. Heymann and Clark 708 showed that 

 the blood lipids are increased in rats and dogs following nephrectomy or 

 after the parenteral administration of nephrotic agents. After the com- 

 plete ablation of the kidneys, a progressive increase in blood cholesterol has 

 been shown to occur, until death ensues, 709 in cats as well as in dogs; in 

 the latter case, both bilateral nephrectomy and also destruction of the 

 kidneys by means of mercuric chloride were employed. 710 When carbon 

 tetrachloride was administered orally, prior to the subcutaneous administra- 

 tion of mercuric chloride, the hyperlipemia could usually be prevented in 

 dogs. 711 In experiments with dogs and monkeys, in which the kidneys 

 were extirpated or the ureters were tied, Winkler and associates 712 noted 

 that not only was cholesterol increased in the blood, but an elevation of 

 the phospholipid and of the neutral fat level also occurred. The develop- 

 ment of the hyperlipemia could not be traced to the operative procedures 

 nor to fasting. When the bile duct was ligated in dogs simultaneously 

 with a bilateral nephrectomy, Diaz and Mendoza 713 observed an increase 

 of the fat deposits in the liver, a decrease in the phospholipids, and an in- 

 crease in the cholesterol esters. The cholesterol esterase activity is de- 

 creased in the plasma. The authors conclude that the kidney plays an 

 important role in fat utilization. 



In contradistinction to the lipemia in experimental nephrectomy in the 

 lower animals, opposite results have been observed in human subjects. 

 Thus, Heymann 711 observed that no hyperlipemia or hypercholesterolemia 

 occurred in the case of three patients subjected to unilateral nephrectomy. 

 Atlas and co-workers 714 likewise reported no alterations in total lipids, 

 phospholipids or cholesterol in the serum of patients following nephrectomy 



708 W. Heymann and E. C. Clark, Am. J. Diseases Children, 70, 74-82 (1945). 



709 W. Nekludow, Z. ges. exptl. Med., 47, 70-76 (1925). 



710 W. Heymann, Science, 96, 163-164 (1942). 



711 W. Heymann, Proc. Soc. Exptl. Biol, Med., 66, 82-86 (1947). 



712 A. W. Winkler, S. H. Durlacher, H. E. Hoff, and E. B. Man, J. Exptl. Med., 77, 

 473-486 (1943). 



713 C. Jimenez Diaz and H. Castro-Mendoza, Rev. din. espan., 37, 232-235 (1950); 

 Chem. AbsL, 44, 10856 (1950). 



714 D. M. Atlas, M. M. Cash, and M. M. Kirschen, Am. ./. Clin. Pathol, 19, 962-965 

 (1949). 



