JOHN H. PHILLIPS 251 



work— for example, the accurate determination of generation 

 time and cloning efficiency— is made difficult. 



The ease with which cell lines from this anemone can be 

 established and maintained in the laboratory is encouraging. It 

 will be of interest to determine if the cells of other coelenterates 

 behave in a similar manner. 



These studies were supported l:)y grants from the National Science Foundation 

 and the United States PubHc Health Service. 



REFERENCES 



1. Gary, L. R. 1931. Report on invertebrate tissue culture. Carnegie Inst. Wash. 



Yr. Bk. 30: 379-381. 



2. Lewis, M. R. 1915-1916. Sea water as a medium for tissue cultures. Anat. Rec. 



10: 287-299. 



3. MacLeod, R. A., E. Onofrey and M. E. Norris. 1954. Nutrition and metabo- 



lism of marine bacteria. 1. Survey of nutritional requirements. /. Bad. 68: 

 680-686. 



4. Madin, S. H., p. C. Andriese and N. B. Darby. 1957. The in vitro cultivation 



of tissues of domestic and laboratory animals. Amer. J. of Vet. Res. 69: 

 932-941. 



5. Phillips, J. H. In vitro maintenance and cultivation of cells from marine 



invertebrates. Methods in Medical Research (in press). 



6. Phillips, J. H. Immune mechanisms in the Phylum Coelenterata, Second Annual 



Symposium on Comparative Biology. The Lower Metazoa: Comparative 

 Biology and Phylogenij. To be published by Academic Press, N. Y. 



7. Puck, T. T., P. I. Marcus and S. J. Cieciura. 1956. Clonal growth of mam- 



malian cells in vitro. ]. Exp. Med. 103: 273-284. 



8. Salton, M. J. R. and J. M. Ghuysen. 1959. The structure of di and tetra sac- 



charides released from cell walls by lysozyme and streptomyces Fi enzyme 

 and the y8(1^4) N-acetyl hexosaminidase activity of these enzymes. 

 Biochim. et Biophys. Acta 36: 552-554. 



9. Sano, M. E. 1949. Trichrome stain for tissue section, culture, or smear. Amer. 



J. Clin. Path. 19: 898. 



DISCUSSION 



MUSCATINE: Was the animal kept in artificial sea water? 



PHILLIPS: Our artificial sea water preparation is capable of 

 maintaining the intact animal for a long period of time, but they 

 are normally kept in real sea water. 



MUSCATINE: Is there any particular criterion that you use for 

 the well-being of the animal? 



