42 TREMATODES OF THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST 



Biology : The worm is a parasite of various carnivores as listed above and pro- 

 duces a few eggs which hatch into miracidia in about 70 days. These develop 

 rediae in Oxytrenia silicula and form microcercous stylet cercariae. These 

 cercariae find salmonid fish, encyst in the tissues of the fish, and are ulti- 

 mately eaten by a carnivore where they develop into adults. The fluke is the 

 vector of Neorickettsia hehiiinthoeca Philip, Hadlow, and Hughes, 1953, 

 and it is the causative agent for salmon poisoning of dogs. The work on 

 this parasite and especiall}" on the salmon poisoning aspects of it has been 

 reviewed by Simms, Donham, and Shaw (1931), Simms, Donham, Shaw, 

 and McCapes (1931), and more recently by Philip (1955). The reader is 

 referred to the above-mentioned papers for references dealing with the sal- 

 mon poisoning aspects of this parasite. Bennington and Pratt (1960) re- 

 worked the life history of the worm and figured many of the larval stages 

 for the first time. Their references included most of the work pertaining to 

 the biology of this worm. 



Xipbidiotrema lockeri Senger, 1953 



Hosts: Sorex hendirii palmeri Ore. Senger, 1953 



Sorex palustris navigator Ore. Senger, 1953 



This parasite has not been reported elsewhere. 



Taxonomy: Yamaguti (1958) placed this species in the subfamily Nephrotrem- 

 atinae of the family Troglotrematidae, but Senger (1953) thought that it 

 should be in the subfamily Nanophyetinae of the family Troglotrematidae. 

 Skrjabin (1958) accepted Nanophyetidae Dollfus, 1939, as a family, but was 

 apparently not aware of Xiphidiotretna. Yamuguti (1958) also accepted this 

 family, but transferred Xiphidiotrema to Troglotrematidae without giving 

 any reasons. 



Family NOTOCOTYLIDAE 



Notocotylus imbricatus (Looss, 1893) U. Szidat, 1935 



Synonyms : Ccrcaria hnbricata Looss, 1893 



Notocotylus gibbus of Stunkard & Dunihue, 1931 



Host : Domestic duck Ore. Dikmans, 1945 



Additional hosts include several genera of waterfowl. 



Taxonomy: Morgan and Hawkins (1949) considered A'^. seineti Fuhrmann, 1919, 

 N. urbanensis Harrah, 1922, and A^. intcstinalis Tubangui, 1932, to be sjTio- 

 nyms of A^. imbricatus. 



Morphology: This form was described and figured b}' Skrjabin (1953). 



Biology: The life cycle has been worked out experimentally by U. Szidat (1933, 

 1935) and she showed that Ccrcaria imbricata encysts on vegetation, is eaten 

 by ducks, and develops in them to the adult. In Oregon we found this ccr- 

 caria developed in Oxytrenia silicula and experimentally to maturity in the 

 domestic duck. 



