324 IMMUNOLOGY 



of hen's eggs corresponding to five chemically different proteins 

 that have been isolated and studied. Wells has also called atten- 

 tion to the chemical and antigenic similarity between the crystal- 

 lized albumen of the egg from both the hen and the duck. Goodner 

 (1925) found some antigenic relationship between two glucopro- 

 Icins of the hen's egg. 



Biological and Immunological Relationships Among Ameba. — 

 Heathman (1932) made extensive immunological studies of a num- 

 ber of strains of free-living and pathogenic ameba. Her results 

 corroborated the morphological classification of Schaeffer (1926). 

 Her results indicated that there are both a highly specific and a 

 common radical present in the antigen Avhich are responsible for 

 the specific and nonspecific reactions. Slierwood and Heathman 

 (1932) found two haptens present in Enfameha histolytica. The 

 chief one was alcohol soluble and a second was solulile in saline, 

 as were the haptens present in the free-living amebae. 



Vegetable Proteins. — Wells and Csborne (1916) and others 

 working in Wells' laboratory have made extensive studies of the 

 vegetable proteins and found them especially valuable for com- 

 parative chemical and antigenic investigation. They isolated 

 giiadin from both wheat and rye and found them chemically and 

 immunologically identical. They could differentiate by immuno- 

 logical methods proteins such as hordin of barley and glutenin of 

 wheat not only from each other but also from giiadin. They also 

 could detect by both chemical and immunological methods a 

 protein legumin, common to the seeds of peas, vetch, lentil and 

 horse bean. In their studies of the proteins of leguminous seeds, 

 they isolated from each species two globulins, a and P, which are 

 chemically and immunologically different. This was of especial 

 interest since Wells had also shown that globulins from different 

 beans may show chemical and immunological similarity. 



Algae. — Steinecke (1925) carried out extensive immunological 

 and biological comparisons of algae, etc., with an idea of throw- 

 ing light upon evolutionary development. He concluded that it 

 is with the descendants of the euglenas that one is to look for the 

 foundation of the animal kingdom. Elmore (1928) found that 



